NGFF (Next Generation Form Factor), as the name suggests, is the standard of Form Factor. It is tied with NGFF for 2.5 "instead of PCIe. (In addition, NGFF has now been renamed M.2. We 'd better keep pace with the times and change it to M.2 .)PCIe is a bus standard, tied with SATA.NVMe is a new transmission standard for hard disks and replaces the current AHCI.Why do people always associate NGFF/M.
The Lagrange multiplier method (Lagrange Multiplier) and kkt condition are very important for solving the optimization problem with constrained conditions, and the Lagrange multiplier method can be used to find the optimal value for the optimization problem of equality constraint. You can apply KKT conditions to find out. Of course, the results obtained by these
Lagrange Multiplier method: For the optimization problem of equality constraint, the optimal value is obtained.Kkt condition: The optimal value is obtained for the optimization problem with inequality constraints.Optimization Problem Classification:(1) Unconstrained optimization problem:The Fermat theorem is often used, that is, the derivative is obtained, and then it is zero, and the candidate optimal value can be obtained.(2) An optimization problem
freesclae i.mx6 Linux PCIe Driver source code Analysis
Turn from:
Http://www.lai18.com/content/2232856.html
Recently, a tool was needed to test whether PCIe link was successful, but since PCIe drivers are in kernel space, it is necessary to first analyze the I. MX6 PCIe Drive source code. First I had to spit out th
two ways to HasWell CPU PCIE Error Maskingin doing HASWELLCPU offers several ways to hot-plug a PCIe card device , or to forcibly disconnect the power from the PCIe card without causing the system to restart . one way is to use PCIe and AER capability related bits, shielding these bits can prevent the above operation
PCIe SSD introduction and application (I), pciessd introduction and application
SSD with SATA/SAS interfaces has been available for more than a decade and has been widely used in the personal consumption field. However, its performance still cannot fully meet the high throughput and low latency requirements of enterprise users, A few years ago, the world's first PCIe interface SSD came out, and won the favo
In the relational database area, PostgreSQL is a very popular open source database software. Since its release in 1996, it has accumulated nearly 20 years of practical experience, both in PostgreSQL itself and in community ecology. Not only small and medium-sized enterprises, many large industry customers will also use PostgreSQL to build their own database system. This article focuses on PostgreSQL and compares the SAS disks in the PCIe SSD (this art
3.9 maximum PCIe Performance
PCIe performance has an unexpected impact on the size and alignment of upstream read/write transactions from a PCIe proxy to the publishing of host-side memory. As a general rule, in terms of bandwidth and latency, the best performance is to align the starting address of upstream read/write at the 64-byte boundary and ensure that the
Multifunction PCIE Switch IX: Issues needing attention in a single NT system1. Difference between single NT and dual NT systemNTB is typically used on dual-or multi-control systems to achieve cross-node data transfer. On a system composed of multiple nodes, there is usually a NTB chip on each node to achieve the system-wide address space partitioning and routing. As the name implies, single NT refers to the use of a
Memblaze joined PMCLaunch high-performance PCIe SSDs for ultra-large data centersMemblaze products are leading the industry in terms of capacity, flexibility and latencyLeading Big Data connectivity, transmission and storage, delivering innovative semiconductors and software solutions PMC ? The Company (NASDAQ: PMCS) announced today that the Memblaze Technology Co., Ltd. has adopted the PMC Flashtec in its next generation of
I declare that this article does not involve any specific APIs or specific vendors, but it is worth noting that, the successes and failures of some acceleration board manufacturers are precisely due to their versatility. In this era where people are still dependent on professional boards, boards are still regarded as specialized problems, vendors that represent these boards and claim that they can solve common problems should be cautious! Although I am very optimistic about generic boards, I am
Test environment: Ubuntu 14.04LTSUnder Windows, we can easily see all of the PCIe config space with rw everything, but we recently wanted to dump PCIe config space under Linux, first we tried to use IO read,That is, usually we will use CF8 and CFC way, but unfortunately this way can only read out 256 bytes, then the back of the 0x100~0x1ff how to read, is the following we have to solve the problem.1, first
recently, the bandwidth concept and calculation of PCIe are somewhat blurred, and most of the online search data is a mold, This is calculated by the following formula:Parallel bus bandwidth (MB/s) = parallel bus clock frequency (MHz) * Parallel bus bit width (BIT/8 = B) * Transmission of several sets of data per clock (cycle)In particular, after the calculation is not very easy to understand, and then after consulting the information, the following u
Multi-function PCIe switch Six: read-write optimization based on NTB node1. Features of application based on NTB cross-node reading and writingNTB is often used in applications where high performance and reliability are required to enable the transmission of data across nodes. For example, as a virtual network card, cross-node data synchronization channel, these occasions are expected to give full play to the NTB
There is a lot of information on the configuration space of the PCI device, the following figure is the 64-byte configuration space that the PCI device must support, the range is 0x00-0x3f.Many PCI devices only support 64 bytes of configuration space. The difference between PCI and PCIe configuration space is as follows.In addition, the pci/pci-x and PCIe devices also extend the configuration space of 0x40
This paper mainly through the WindRiver tool graphical view PCIe device, to understand the space structure of PCIE devices. This article mainly refers to the "PCI Express Architecture Guide" and the Netizen blog: Click to open the link.I. The space structure of PCIE equipmentPCIe devices have three separate physical address spaces: device memory space (memory), I
About PCIe non-transparent bridge cache consistencyThe PCIe non-transparent bridge provides two mechanisms for migrating data from local node to remote node, respectively, based on address mapping and embeddedDma. For remote nodes, the CPU may not be aware when it accepts data, so cache consistency needs to be ensured;On the local node, when the data is transferred to its own memory via DMA, the CPU is not
PCI-X and PCIe bus specifications require that their devices must support the capabilities structure. The basic configuration space of the PCI bus contains a capabilities pointer register, which stores the head pointer of the capabilities Structure linked list. A PCIe device may contain multiple capability structures. These registers form a linked list, as shown in.
Each capability structure has a unique I
Install Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller in CentOS 6. xMany available Nic drivers have been installed in the GNU/Linux installation process, but the Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller driver does not.My desktop: HP Pro 3380 MT uses this Nic. Since there is no network, and CentOS6.x is not pre-installed with gcc, g ++ compiling environment, it has been a long time.The following describes the installation p
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