pgm multicast

In the project, the Ys Private protocol uses multicast technology, which uses Python to send multicast packets when verifying its security features, and to make a record here. The multicast server is used to send multicast packets to the multicast group with the follow

Overview:Broadcast and multicast, as the name implies, are passed to all systems in the subnet or to a system belonging to a multicast group. They apply only to UDP.For IP, we know that the host number is 1 of the broadcast address, while the Class D IP (that is, from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255) is the multicast address.For Ethernet, when the lowest bit of the

Python has complete support for sockets. some of the APIS though have a different signature than the POSIX equivalents. it is therefore possible to write multicast servers and clients in Python. multicasting is the ability to send data to select set of hosts. broadcasting in a network is to send data to all the hosts, unicast is when data is transfered between two hosts (typical one-one communication ). multicasting is the ability to send data to a

Unicast, broadcast, and Multicast I. Introduction 1. Three IP addresses are available: unicast address, broadcast address, and multicast address. 2. broadcast and multicast are only applied to UDP. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that means two processes (determined by the port number) run on two hosts (determined by the IP address) there is a connection b

Let's take the multicast data sent to UDP as an example. In fact, the difference between sending a UDP multicast datagram and sending a unicast UDP datagram is not big. First, in the myudp_sendmsg function, if the source address of the sending interface is not determined and the target address is a multicast address, the source address uses inet_sock-> mc_addr. T

The MAC address is divided into three categories, namely broadcast address, multicast address and unicast address. First of all, FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF is undoubtedly the broadcast address. Each NIC is shipped with a single unicast address, and the first 24 digits are the manufacturer's number, assigned by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and the latter 24 are the only number that the device manufacturer has developed for the N

();}}} (3) about delegation and Multicast Multicast delegates include references to two or more methods. For multicast, use + = to add a delegate and use-= to remove the delegate. The method included in the multicast delegate must return the void; otherwise, a run-time exception is thrown. Because the method does not

Multicast MAC addressIs a type of logical MAC address. This MAC address represents a multicast group. All members in this group receive data frames with the target address of the multicast MAC address corresponding to this group. To better understand the concept of multicast and MAC address, let's look at the following

1. Broadcast Full-network broadcast Single CIDR Block Broadcast 2. Multicast When to use Multicast When the same data is sent to multiple users Unknown recipient Send data to multiple users at the same time-stock trading Why Multicast Process consumption on the host and vro is reduced Saves bandwidth and saves bandwidth compared with unicast Optimized Link Perfor

After reading this, you will know how IGMPv3 is implemented... Multicasting with setsockopt Originally, the only way to join or leave a multicast group wasVia the setsockopt API. WinSock 2 introducesProtocol-independent method of multicasting with the wsajoinleaf API (discussed in the next section),As we will soon see, the setsockopt method isMuch more flexible even though it is more closely tied to the protocol beingUsed.IPv4 There are two socket opt

,senferaddsize);Here is a message like this broadcast Group, note that the address sent is the broadcast address Inaddr_broadcast, the port number is the port number of the reorganization broadcast 11114Sockaddr_in Dstadd;Dstadd.sin_family=af_inet;Dstadd.sin_port=htons (11114);Dstadd.sin_addr.s_addr=inaddr_broadcast;SendTo (S,data (), totalbyte,0, (sockaddr*) dstadd,sizeof (sockaddr));Second, multicast1. InitializationWSAStartup (Makeword (2,2), wsad);2. Create a socket for

Layer 2 multicast configuration case requirements 1. Three S3600-SI and a S3600-EI composed of two layer multicast network, SwtichA selected S3600-EI, SwitchB, SwitchC, SwitchD selected S3600-SI; 2. multiple Multicast sources can be connected to any of the four S3600 Series Products, and the receiving end can only be connected to SwitchA to receive

the role of multicast and IGMP---------------------------------The so-called multicast, as opposed to unicast and broadcast, refers to the network host will send the data at once to multiple target hosts belonging to the same group. The main use of the IGMP protocol. IGMP is the meaning of Internet Group Management protocol. The protocol is used toThe multicast g

IOS multicast delegate (GCDMulticastDelegate), iosdelegate In IOS, there are several methods to implement callback: Among the above four types, delegate and block are commonly used in my own projects. In reality, callback requirements are also divided into two types One-to-one callback can be implemented using delegate and block in IOS. The one-to-many callback is basically the notification center. If you have a requirement, we will use image downloa

In routing failures, downstream devices cannot learn to troubleshoot multicast routing on the router as follows: Network environment Multicast data is forwarded to the Routera,routera on the vlanif port to terminate the VLAN information of the multicast source through two layers, all three-layer interfaces (both physical and logical) enable

13. multicast routing protocol-PIM (protocol-Independent Multicast Routing Protocol) Multicast Routing Protocol classification-dense mode and Sparse Mode Multicast branch tree 1. STP ---- source tree, Shortest Path Tree To maintain table items (S, G), it indicates the tree closest to S) It consumes a lot of memory

To do useful work, P2P applications must be able to discover and interact with each other. This article provides an implementation of IP multicast-based discovery. Before a software entity can participate in direct peer-to-peer interaction with P2P applications, the entity must discover the appropriate Peer-to-Peer Points to interact. All feasible P2P architectures provide a solution for Problem Discovery. In this article, I will describe the implemen

PIM-DM Basics PIM-DM uses five RIMv2 messages Hello Join/Prune (Add/CUT) Graft grafting) Graft-ACK (OK) Assert (Declaration) The PIMv2 router uses the Hello message to discover the neighbor, when the PIMv2 router PIM-SM or PIM-DM) is active, will periodically send the Hello Message on each interface configured with PIM; PIMv1 vro has similar functions, but uses Query messages. A Hello (or Query) message contains a storage time holdtime, which specifies the maximum time for a neighbor to