/yum/stable/packages/pptpd-1.4.0-1.el6.'uname-m'
. Rpm
Rpm-Uvhpptpd-1.4.0 -*
Iii. Configuration:
Vim/etc/pptpd. conf
Find the "locapip" and "remoteip" configuration items
Localip 172.16.7.10 # Server IP AddressRemoteip 172.16.7.11-15 (up to four connections allowed) # ip address segment of the vpn Client
Configure DNS:
# Vim/etc/ppp/options.ppt pd
Ms-dns202.106.0.20Ms-dns8.8.8.8
Debug enables pptpd logs. The default logs are in/var/log/messages.
Create an account:
Edit/etc/ppp/chap-secre
packet, re-calculate the checksum, and then send the data packet. If an error occurs, an ICMP error notification is sent, and the packet is discarded. The IP protocol works in this simplest way: it must repeat the preceding steps in every packet.IP segmentation is very important for IP functions. It provides the true meaning of these header fields. Not every physical network that sends data packets can accept data packets of the same size. Various two-layer frame formats allow sending data of d
Topics:Handing fragmented traffic:reassemble all the fragments of a packet to inspect the contentsPrioritizng Traffic:Controlling traffic bandwidth:traffic policing traffic shapingPackets coming into a ASA may be fragmented or whole. The same security policies that inspect whole packets aren ' t as effective when inspecting fragments. An ASA can be configuredTo intercept packet fragments, and virtually reassemble them so, they can be inspected normally.An ASA can also is configured to identify
to the IP input queue.MtuEthernet has a limit on the length of the data frame, and the maximum value is 1500. This feature of the link layer is called the MTU (maximum transmission unit). If the length of the IP layer datagram is larger than the MTU of the link layer, then the IP layer needs to be fragmented, with each piece smaller than the MTU.If the communication between the two hosts passes through mul
When using htb, sometimes the htb quantum of class 10001 is big. Consider r2q change warning is encountered, and quantum is the computing basis for the htb subclass to use the parent class bandwidth. If this parameter is not set properly, unexpected results may occur.
Htb Manual suggests that the quantum value should be smaller than MTU. In this way, the best value of quantum is equal to MTU. If you do not
Recently established in the lab's network environment, all host labs are connected via a switch. Want to be a gateway through the server (single card), using the Mentohust authentication extranet, and then other hosts in the intranet through this gateway to connect to the external network.1. First use mentohust on the server to connect to the extranet, and then enter the Ifconfig command at the terminal to view the acquired extranet IP:Eth0 Link encap: Ethernet Hardware address B8:AC:6F:D8
exceed the maximum MTU size.
The MTU relies on a realistic network implementation, which is an invariant value. SDU the same position as the MTU in Oracle.
In Oracle's network, the size of the TDU packet is a default value. Ideally, the TDU parameter should be defined as one times the SDU parameter. The default value for SDU and TDU is 2048, and the maximum va
-1_amd64.deb \
Openvswitch-switch_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb
ConfigurationInternet
You can use the different command-line tools provided by Openvswitch to build a mesh network (such as Ovs-vsctl), but Ubuntu provides an assistive tool that allows you to define the network through/etc/network/interfaces files.
Three hosts are assumed: 1.1.1.1, 2.2.2.2 and 3.3.3.3, which can be ping through the IP above, which is not important in the public or intranet. Host1 's/etc/network/interfaces is prob
see on the second machine Docker0 IP is the 172.17.0.2/16,docker container that obtains IP from Docker0 's network, and on the second machine, the Docker container's IP range is limited to 172.17.2.1/24 network segment.
Test host1
View IP to ensure connectivity to Host2 DOCKER0IP
root@controller:~# ifconfig docker0
docker0 Link encap:ethernet hwaddr 00:0c:29:d3:5a:fe inet addr
: 172.17.0.1 bcast:172.17.255.255 mask:255.255.0.0
inet6 addr:fe80::20c:29ff:fed3:5afe/64 sc
To be exact: TCP fragmentation should be called TCP segmentation.
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Difference:
1.IP fragmentation is caused by the fact that the MTU;TCP segment of the network layer is caused by MSS.
2.IP fragmentation is done by the network layer and reorganized at the network level; TCP segmentation is done at the Transport layer and reorganized at the transport layer. Transparency
3. For Ethernet, MSS is 1460 b
checksum and has errors, the UDP datagram will be discarded and the ICMP error message will not be sent.
Path MTU discovery
You can modify the Traceroute program to determine the path MTU. What we need to do is to send the group and set the IP header as not sharded. The length of the first group sent is equal to that of the egress MTU. Each time an error message
PPPoE gateway IptablesMTU-Linux Enterprise Application-Linux server application information. Problem description
When Iptables is used as the SNAT gateway, it finds that some PCs cannot normally access some sites, as the browser can parse the site, some open sites, and then times out.
Cause
The MTU of the PPPoE connection of ADSL is 1492, while the default MTU of Widows and Linux is 1500. When the browser
Because the adsl-start command can only start the first ppp interface by default. Therefore, to start two interfaces, you must specify the configuration file.
You can use Method 1:
Ifup ppp0
Ifup ppp1
(Ifup pppn ...)
Or Method 2:
Adsl-start/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ppp0
Adsl-start/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ppp1
(Adsl-start/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-pppn)
4. Check whether the new settings are enabled:
Method 1: Run ifconfig
Ppp0 and ppp1 are displayed,
transmit, and the higher the network utilization compared with the IP address and the TCP header. When TCP sends a SYN packet, it can set the MSS value to the MTU length of the outbound interface minus the IP header and TCP Header Length. For Ethernet, the MSS value can be up to 1460. If the destination address is not local, the MSS value is usually 536 by default. Whether the local address is located depends on the network number. MSS allows the hos
address direction address resolution]; MAC-> IP Reverse Address Resolution (RARP Protocol); Type (2 bytes) used to distinguish IP, ARP, and RARP.
// Ethernet header code struct ethernet_hdr {char dest_mac [6]; char src_mac [6]; short protocol ;};
MTU/path MTU
The link layer has the maximum transmission unit MTU, which limits the maximum length of data frames.
can cause a huge change in performance.
The automatic_ip parameter in the sqlnet. ora File
The automatic_ipc parameter goes back to the network layer, so it can accelerate local connection to the database. When automatic_ipc = on, the Oracle network checks whether the local database is defined as the same. If yes, the network layer is avoided when the connection is directly converted to the local ICP connection. This is very useful on database servers, but it is useless for Oracle network
Reposted for study
1,Data Link LayerThere is a limit on the length of the data frame, that is, the maximum data length that the link layer can bear. This value is called the maximum transmission unit (MTU. Taking Ethernet as an example, this value is usually 1500 bytes.
2. for IP packets, there is also a length. In the IP packet header, the length of the IP packet is described in 16 bits, that is, an IP packet, the maximum value may be 65535 bytes (mo
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