will receive all multicast packets in the network-A displays all interface information-S Display summary information (similar to netstat-i)Add to configure the IPV6 address for the specified NICDel deletes the IPV6 address of the specified network cardmtunetmaskTunel establishing a tunnelDSTADDR set a remote address to establish point-to-point communication-broadcast-pointtopointMulticast setting the multicast flag for the network cardAddress sets IPV4 addresses for network cardstxqueuelen4. Us
interface.The ARP setting specifies whether the NIC supports the ARP protocol.-promisc sets whether the promiscuous mode of the NIC is supported, and if this parameter is selected, the NIC will receive all packets sent to it in the network-allmulti Settings Support multicast mode, if you select this parameter, the NIC will receive all multicast packets in the network-A displays all interface information-S Display summary information (similar to netstat-i)Add to configure the IPV6 address for th
Article title: U.S. scientists use 16 LinuxPS3 simulated black hole experiments. Linux is a technology channel of the IT lab in China. Some basic categories include desktop applications, Linux system management, kernel research, embedded systems, and open source systems. according to foreign media reports, most people will run home with the newly bought Sony PS3 game machine, they can't wait to kill aliens in "Resistance: the destruction of mankind",
There is no wrong and right in the dream, there is no hatred and regret in the dream ... It's better to close your mouth. That's cute ... I will not say: This is not fair, I can not accept. I will use plain words to record the drip, 4 in the morning more up, one go recent harvest and evaluation, indignation and repentance.A past four years ago.About 2010, I was troubleshooting a problem.The problem descriptive narration is for example the following: server: Linux Kernel 2.6.8/192.168.188.100Clie
is called the MTU of the link layer (the Maximum transmission unit). The Internet protocol allows IP shards so that packets can be divided into fragments that are small enough to pass through those links whose maximum transmission unit is smaller than the original size of the packet. This fragmentation process occurs at the network layer, which uses the value of the maximum transmission unit that sends packets to the network interface on the link. Th
debug connectivity issues between systems. We can run a ping from the measurement host to the destination of the network path, issue an ICMP request and wait for a valid ICMP response to determine the availability of the network connection, and can isolate the solution by the type of ICMP answer by choice and many other network failures or problems. Therefore, connectivity is the basis to ensure the stability of path performance.
Path MTU
The
Reproduced from: http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-20180960-id-2998594.html, thank the author.
When it comes to UDP programming, the easiest question we can think about is how many bytes are sent at a time?
Of course, this does not have the only answer, compared to different systems, different requirements, the answer is not the same, here just like the ICQ type of sending chat messages to analyze, for other cases, may also get a little help:First, we know that TCP/IP is often considered a four-lay
What is the transmission efficiency of UDP and what are the factors involved?It is intuitively believed that the larger the packet length of UDP, the higher the efficiency should be sent (up to 65536). However, according to the actual test and the data found on the Internet, the package length of 1024 is the most efficient delivery.This kind of result is confusing, why is 1024 such strange value? Why not the length of the MTU (the smallest sending uni
Introduction
Sharding is the embodiment of group exchange ideas and one of the two main problems solved by the IP protocol. The partitioning algorithm in the IP protocol mainly solves the transmission problem caused by different maximum transmission units (MTU) in different physical networks. However, the continuous sharding and restructuring of groups during the transmission process will bring a lot of work and increase some insecure factors. In this
[Original article link] Introduction
Sharding is the embodiment of group exchange ideas and one of the two main problems solved by the IP protocol. The partitioning algorithm in the IP protocol mainly solves the transmission problem caused by different maximum transmission units (MTU) in different physical networks. However, the continuous sharding and restructuring of groups during the transmission process will bring a lot of work and increase some
mechanisms.
Streaming media service applications have latency requirements between the above two, and the initialization latency is less than 10 s. Compared with real-time encoding, the latency requirement is reduced. encoder can optimize and implement efficient coding (such as bidirectional prediction ). However, streaming media services generally use unreliable transmission protocols. Therefore, error control and channel error correction coding are required during encoding.
This article ma
the illustration, shows two different forms of encapsulation format. The most commonly used encapsulation format is the RFC894-defined format. Both frame formats use the destination address and the source address of 48bit (6 byte).
The Ethernet frame format has only 6 bytes of destination address and source address. The frame length field refers to the byte length of its subsequent data, but does not include the CRC checksum code. This length is the data payload that is provided to the upper
Before we introduce MSS, we have to understand several important concepts.
Mtu:maxitum Transmission Unit Max Transmission Unit
Mss:maxitum Segment size Max fragment sizes
PPPOE:PPP over Ethernet (the PPP protocol is hosted on Ethernet), it is because of this protocol that we need to modify our MSS or the MTU value.
MTU Maximum Transmission unit, the largest transmission unit is actually closely related to t
interface.The ARP setting specifies whether the NIC supports the ARP protocol.-promisc sets whether the promiscuous mode of the NIC is supported, and if this parameter is selected, the NIC will receive all packets sent to it in the network-allmulti Settings Support multicast mode, if you select this parameter, the NIC will receive all multicast packets in the network-A displays all interface information-S Display summary information (similar to netstat-i)Add to configure the IPV6 address for th
. Therefore, error control and channel error correction coding are required during encoding. This article mainly discusses dialog applications and streaming media applications, which are based on IP networks. There are three types of IP networks: uncontrollable IP networks (such as the Internet), controllable IP networks (WAN), and wireless IP networks (such as 3G networks ). The three IP networks have different mtusize, bit error probability, and TCP usage tags. The maximum size of the transmis
Ethernet frame, and then forwarded to the next hop, RT4 received data directly forwarded to the corresponding interface, and then sent to RT5 response packet, the above process of the inverse process!Supplement: several tags that the E-LSR may distribute when the last-to-second hop pops upLabel 3 is implicitly empty label (no label is added for upstream LSR, And the outermost layer MPLS label is displayed)Label 0 IPV4 display empty label (upstream LSR will add label 0, after the E-LSR receives,
information-S Display summary information (similar to netstat-i)Add to configure the IPV6 address for the specified NICdel Deletes the IPV6 address of the specified network cardmtunetmaskTunel establishing a tunneldstaddr set a remote address to establish point-to-point communication-broadcast-pointtopointMulticast Setting the multicast flag for the network cardaddress sets IPV4 addresses for network cardstxqueuelen4. Usage Examples:Example 1: Displaying network device information (active state
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