...... A Vy = v2 ...... B is determined by virtual disconnection. If there is no current flowing through the input end of the Op Amplifier, R1, R2, and R3 can be considered as series connections. The current through each resistor is the same, and the current I = (VX-Vy) /R2 ...... C: Vo1-Vo2 = I * (R1 + r2 + R3) = (VX-Vy) (R1 + r2 + R3)/R2 ...... D. It is determined by virtual disconnection that the current flowing through R6 is equal to the current flowing through R7. If R6 = R7, vw = Vo/2 ...
Frame-relay:: Configure Frame-relay SWITCH so that the Frame-relay PVC between R2,R3,R3 is Full-mesh. However, only the PVC shown in the figure can be used.R2,R3,R4 Physical Interface Connection Framme-relay SWITCHBetween R4 and R5, use a PPP link. Please eliminate redundant 32-bit host routingR1,R2,R3 's Ethernet ports are connected to a switchConfigure by IP address shown in the figureEnsure each link can ping each otherR1-
Canary when the value is destroyed. The kernel will be directly on the machine. So how do you infer that the stack canary is covered?In fact, this was done by GCC, which added a-fstack-protector parameter to GCC when it was compiled.*/DEFINE (Tsk_stack_canary, offsetof (struct task_struct,stack_canary));Task_structDEFINE (Ti_task, offsetof (struct thread_info, TASK));///* * Domain types*//*#define DOMAIN_NOACCESS 0#define Domain_client 1// is the user's domain (running programs, access data), a
The problems that arise:
A) R1 has a 7.7.7.0/24 route on it, but Ping 7.7.7.7 is not reached. (R7 same)
Now view the R1 routing table
R7#sh IP route
B 1.1.1.0 [20/0] via 5.5.5.5, 00:02:54/To save space incomplete display
It can be seen that R7 learned the route of the R1, from the surface to see the experiment is perfect, for the purpose, but then the problem arises, make a test, on the R7 ping R1
R7#ping 1.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 0-byte ICMP Echos to 7.7.7.7, tim
point to B or D, then *p= ... Causes the node to be constructed with a B or D as a variable to kill
8.5.7 E=*p-E=c
8.5.8
T0 = A+c
T1 = t0+e
y= T0+T1
T2 = Y+b
T3 = y+d
x = t3+f 8.6 A simple code generator Choose 3 to Practice: 1) 5) (assuming array size is x[i][10])
X=a+b*c
A[I][J]=B[I][K]+C[K][J]
8.6.1
T0=b*cX=a+t0
T0=i*10T1=t0+kT2=B[T1]T3=k*10T4=t3+jT5=C[T4]T6=t0+jT7=t2+t5A[t6]=t7
8.6.2
...
8.6.3
LD R1
0.0.0.0 area 3
7. Configure Area 4
R3 (config) # router ospf 10R3 (config-router) # net 10.1.2.1 0.0.0.0 area 4
R5 (config) # router ospf 10R5 (config-router) # router-id 5.5.5R5 (config-router) # net 172.19.0.0 0.0.1.255 area 4R5 (config-router) # net 10.1.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 4
8. Because Area 3 is not directly connected to Area 0, you need to create a virtual link on R4 and R7.
// The virtual Link parameter is the peer Router ID.R4 (config) # router o
address of the "/system/bin/sh" string, and then call the system () function to achieve our goal.
How to find the gadgets? Although ida or objdump can be used for search, it is time-consuming and laborious. Here I recommend ROPGadget. Because level7 is compiled into the thumb command by default, we also use the thumb mode to find the gadgets:
#!bash$ ROPgadget --binary=./level7 --thumb | grep "ldr r0"0x00008618 : add r0, pc ; b #0x862e ; ldr r0, [pc, #0x10] ; add r0, pc ; ldr r0, [r0] ; b #0x86
What shoshould we do when meet a crash in Android?
Original post address: http://leave001.blog.163.com/blog/static/1626912932011226105512484/
Create a crash
For demonstration purpose, I intentionally created a crash in open_sensors_device of libsensors:
Static int open_sensors_device (const struct hw_module_t * module, const char * Name,
Struct hw_device_t ** device)
{
Int status =-einval;
// If our sensor system is ready, commented next line
// Return status;
Char * PTR = 0;
* PTR = 0;
//....
}
To do this, you must first sharpen the tool. The following describes how to build an integrated development environment for the eclipse SDK ndk cygwin CDT.
1. Build an android Development Environment
Setting up the android development environment is not a key point. I believe many people who have read this article have successfully set up the environment. Let's give a brief description here.
1) download JDK
2) download eclipse
3) download the android SDK
4) Start eclipse and install ADT
2. Down
of lc0 for running (PC and relative address) and set it to R0.
2. Get the starting address of the linked program _ start; set it to R5
3. The partition link is the value of the lc0 label; it is set to r1
4. r0-r1 + R5 is the starting address of the program in the physical memory.
Note: Generally, the starting address of the link program is set to 0, SO _ start = 0. This is also true for Unicore.
Revise th
compile a simple program, we choose the NDK's own example Hello-jni, I am located in E:\android-ndk-r5\samples\hello-jni (depending on your specific installation location),b Run Cygwin, enter the command Cd/cygdrive/e/android-ndk-r5/samples/hello-jni, and go to the E:\android-ndk-r5\samples\hello-jni directory.CInput $NDK/ndk-build, after successful execution, i
address, R5 is the kernel file of the beginning of the address. Check to see if the address is conflicting.
The R5 equals R2 so that the decompress kernel address is after the 64K stack.
(9) the function Decompress_kernel () that calls the file misc.c, extracts the kernel at the end of the cache (R2 address). At this point the Register values change as follows:
R0 is the size of the kernel after decompress
register (R15) while CPU is runningJlink Error:can not read register (XPSR) while CPU is runningJlink error:can Not read register 0 (R0) while CPU is runningJlink Error:can Not read Register 1 (R1) while CPU is runningJlink Error:can Not read Register 2 (R2) while CPU is runningJlink Error:can Not read Register 3 (R3) while CPU is runningJlink Error:can Not read Register 4 (R4) while CPU is runningJlink Error:can Not read Register 5 (R5) while CPU is
In single-chip microcomputer often used to 16 (2) into the BCD code, although the C language programming is more convenient, but the assembly is often needed
Here is a 24-bit binary to the BCD code for example, where the BCD code is stored in a compressed manner, that is, 4-bit storage of a
/* Ingress parameter R1,R2,R3 holds 24-bit binary number, r1-bit maximum 8-bit exit parameter R4,R5,R6,R7 */mov R4, #0 mov
; indicates that the next hop is 0.0.0.0 because 10.6.0.0 is originated from the current vrobgp. If it is re-published to BGP, it is the next hop in IGP, the weight of the local originating route is 32768, And the Originn attribute is IGPR2 receives the route from EBGP and forwards it to all its neighbors.*> 10.6.0.0/16 10.0.26.2 0 0 65002 IBecause it is advertised by EBGP, the next hop is the neighbor address of EBGP.R1:*> I10.6.0.0/16 10.0.0.2 0 100 0 65002 IWhether the route learned from IBGP
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