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message is used by the host, not the router. During host boot, an ICMP packet of a route request is generally sent to the network, and multiple routers respond to one route notification packet. In addition, the route itself occasionally releases route notification packets in the network. In this way, based on these packets, each host will have the opportunity to establish its own route table for network communication. The router can advertise multiple addresses in a notice and give the priorit
message is used by the host, not the router. During host boot, an ICMP packet of a route request is generally sent to the network, and multiple routers respond to one route notification packet. In addition, the route itself occasionally releases route notification packets in the network. In this way, based on these packets, each host will have the opportunity to establish its own route table for network communication. The router can advertise multiple addresses in a notice and give the priorit
1. traceroute first sends an IP packet whose TTL is 1 to the target address. The first router drops the TTL by 1, discards the packet, and sends an ICMP time exceeded message to the source address, in this way, the first route in the path is retrieved. traceroute then sends an IP packet whose TTL is 2 to the target address, so that each route in the path is retrieved in sequence. finally, the path of the Un
the subnet mask, Gateway is the next hop address, iface is the sending interface, and the U mark in flags indicates that the entry is valid (some entries can be disabled ), the G flag indicates that the next hop address of this route entry is the address of a vro, And the entry without the G flag indicates that the destination network address is a network directly connected to the local interface and does not need to be forwarded by the vro, therefore, the next hop address is marked.If the dest
TCP/IP routing cache mechanism, stream identity mechanism, tcp identity0x01 reason The previous chapter has learned the network layer (ip layer). The key part is to find the next hop route. This study focuses on the knowledge about routi
TCP/IP protocol details volume 1 Study Notes series 3-IP Routing Chapter 9 IP routing This chapter describes the basis of the TCP/IP protoco
This chapter describes the basis of the TCP/IP protocol cluster. IP routing ensures that the correct transmission path can be found for the datagram. If it cannot be found, the sender will be notified of a failure to issue the message. The information used in the route finding process is maintained in two ways: each ho
destination network corresponding subnet address, if present, then send to the subnet number corresponding to the next hop address, otherwise go 3.3. The network number corresponding to the search destination network, if present, is sent to the network number corresponding to the scare-hop router, otherwise turn 4.4. Find the default route and forward it if it is present, or discard it.Therefore, the routing table includes dynamic
route is created by the redirection message. M The route has been modified by the redirection message. Flag is very important because it distinguishes indirect routing from direct routing (for direct routing, flag is not set ). The difference is that the Group sent to the direct route not only has the IP address of th
1. Introduction:(1) Internet structure:Information:IP grouping (Directed broadcast address) that specifies " all hosts " in a particular network. ）Nodes: routers, host-----> select paths, Delivery groupingsChannel: physical network (between routers)-----> Transfer IP packets(2) Delivery and routing options--->1. Delivery ( delivery ): Physical forwarding of groupingsdelivery is done by Routed Protocol ( the
IP address Routing Routing is one of the most important functions of IP addresses. Figure 1 shows a simple process of IP address layer processing. Figure 1 IP layer Workflow The information contained in the
6th. TCP/IP routing protocol fault handlingFirst, the default gatewayWhen the destination address of the package is not in the router's routing table, such as when the router is configured with a default gateway, it is forwarded to the default gateway or discarded.show IP ro
1. Some network commands in Linux. (1) ifconfig command is used to view and modify the IP address and MAC address (2) netstat monitors the network status. netstat-Rn: view the route table in the Local Machine and display it as an IP address. (3) view ARP and modify the ARP cache (4) Ping detection of network connection status (5) traceroute: the router used to detect the data transfer process (the principl
relationship, and BGP uses TCP to establish the adjacent relationship.Show commands related to BGP:Show ip bgp; displays the Routes learned by BGPShow ip bgp network; displays the BGP information of a specific networkShow IP neighbors; displays BGP neighbor InformationShow ip
database, and then produces a routing table based on the database. Moreover, the transmission of OSPF link state information is not based on UDP or TCP, but rather as a separate protocol that has a specific value in the Protocol field in the header of the IP data.In an OSPF-based routing table, there is only one optim
Recently I started to read this book on TCP/IP routing technology. Although it is difficult to understand at the current level, I am still willing to go and see it. Every time you read a section, sort it out. Although not summarized in your own words. However, it is better to use some original articles. Because you have little experience. Understanding is not tho
1. Route Selection Method (1) Basic Ideas Instead of selecting routes for an IP group, you can obtain all the routes (Routing Protocol) in advance) Forward IP packets by a predefined route (route table) (2) route reservation:Route table(Route table) Route tableIt can also be calledForwarding Table) HostAndVroRoute tables are
This paper introduces the method of obtaining the route table of host in IP protocol: Host Initialization routing table: Direct-connected routing: Automatically obtains routing information for direct-attached hosts and networks when the interface is initialized Indirect connected routes: Manually i
Nineth Chapter IP RoutingNetstat-rn Show route TableThere are two ways to initialize the routing table:Method 1: Specify static routes in the configuration file (not commonly used)Method 2: Run the routing daemon or use the ICMP router to discover the messageProcessing of routes that do not reach the destination:The result at this time depends on whether the
192.168.1.3, and Ping is not stopped, add a host route entry on pC1: Route add-host 119.75.217.56 GW 1.2.3.5. After reading the output of tcpdump, the source address will change to 1.2.3.4 immediately. This only proves that the route decides the source address on one network card. What if we want to set the source address to 4.3.2.1? Can I configure a 4.3.2.0 CIDR block on PC2? This address can be configured, but an error occurs when a route is added, because eth1 of pC1 and eth0 of Pc2 are not
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