ruckus 4x4

1 Vocabulary conventions of this articleMacro BLOCK: H264 encoded base unit, 16x16 pixel (or sample) compositionBlock: A unit of 8x8 pixels (or samples)Sub-block: a unit of 4x4 pixels (or sampling)　　2 in-Frame brightness prediction modeH264 specification, the macro block has 4 kinds of intra-frame brightness prediction mode, the pattern number is 0,1,2,3, the block and the child block respectively has 9 kinds of intra-frame brightness prediction mode,

Block effect and its causeWhen we watch the video, in the scene of vigorous motion, we can often observe that the small squares appear in the image, and the small squares show discontinuous effect at the boundary (such as), this phenomenon is called the Block effect (blocking artifact).First, we need to figure out why the block effect occurs. In the coding process, the DCT transform of the pixel residuals was obtained, and the DCT coefficients were correlated with each pixel, which represented t

I. texture filtering: When the polygon in a 3D space changes to a set of pixels on a two-dimensional screen through coordinate transformation, projection, raster, and other processes, each pixel needs to be sampled in the corresponding texture image, this process is called texture filtering. Ii. texture filtering is generally divided into two types:A) The texture is reduced to gl_texture_min_filter.For example, if an 8x8 texture is attached to a square parallel to the XY plane, the square occupi

, b8x8, i8x8, i4x4"].-P8x8, p4x4, b8x8, i8x8, i4x4-None, all(P4x4 requires p8x8. i8x8 -- 8x8dct .)Recommended Value: DefaultExample: -- partitions "p8x8, b8x8, i8x8, i4x4" -- Direct -None, spatial, temporal, autoDescription: direct prediction method. The default value is "spatial"-None, spatial, temporal, autoRecommended Value: "Auto"Example: -- direct "Auto" -Direct-8x8 -0: 4x4-1: 8x8--1: smallest possible according to levelDescription: direct predic

Apparently, Convmv Is a good tool to deal with this problem, he is actually Perl ProgramNot all systems are built. The usage is also very simple: Convmv-F gb2312-T utf8-r -- notest * -R indicates that all subdirectories are included and the associated directories are also converted. If no -- notest is added, the system only checks what needs to be converted without actual conversion. Example: Suppose there is a garbled file in "/root/Wilson/test ". [Root @ localhost test] # convmv-F

allocation space for a 4x4 block, noting that the 4 4x4 blocks are 4 pieces within the same row within a macro block int Max_width, max_height; int Img_width, img_height; Storablepicture *ref_picture;//Reference Frame pel_t *ref_pic;//Reference Pixel distpel** Block_sad = blocksad[list][ref][7]; [7] for 4x4 sub-block mode sad-value subscript int search_range =

(Entropy_coding_mode) that, when the value of Entropy_coding_mode is 0, uses context-based adaptive variable-length encoding for the transformed and quantized residual block data (CAVLC Context-adaptive varbile length coding) encoding, and other variable-length encodings are encoded using the Unified Codebook (Exp-golomb encoding). When using the Unified Codebook (Exp-golomb Encoding) encoding, for the presence of high probability symbols using short code word, the probability of low sign using

] + m[3];d[3] = m[3]-m[2];d[4] = m[4] + m[5];d[5] = m[4]-m[5];d[6] = m[6] + m[7];d[7] = m[7]-m[6];d[8] = m[8] + m[9];d[9] = m[8]-m[9];D[10] = m[10] + m[11];D[11] = m[11]-m[10];D[12] = m[12] + m[13];D[13] = m[12]-m[13];D[14] = m[14] + m[15];D[15] = m[15]-m[14];/*===== sum up =====*/for (dd=diff[k=0]; k{SATD + = (dd }SATD >>= 1;}The algorithm process is clear, see "Fast Hadamard Transform algorithm (Hadamard orderd)" above. May be a bit unclear, most of the information is about one-dimensional had

(Nal:network abstraction Layer) is responsible for packaging and delivering the data in the appropriate manner required by the network. The motion vector of 1/4 or 1/8 pixel accuracy is supported. A 6-tap filter can be used to reduce high-frequency noise at 1/4 pixel accuracy, and a more complex 8-tap filter can be used for motion vectors with 1/8 pixel accuracy. The encoder can also select the "enhanced" interpolation filter to improve the pre-measured effect when motion is expected. There are

4x4 matrix.The following 5 types of operations are described.1.1 bytes insteadThe main function of byte substitution is to complete the mapping of one byte to another through the S box. The detailed construction method of S-box can be referenced in reference [1].(a) for S box, figure (b) is S-1 (inverse of S box).S and S-1 are 16x16 matrices, respectively. Assuming the value of the input byte is a=a7a6a5a4a3a2a1a0, the transformation with the output

Normal convolution operation: As pictured above: 4x4 input, convolution kernel for 3x3, output for 2x2. The calculation can be understood as:The input matrix expands into a 4*4=16 dimension vector, which is recorded as XThe output matrix expands into a 2*2=4 dimension vector, which is called YThe convolution kernel C is the following matrix:The convolution operation can be expressed as Y = Cx (which can be understood by the motion diagram), and the r

Adam Harley made a very stunning convolutional neural network visualization, which was trained with the mnist handwritten digital database. I strongly recommend that you play a game in order to understand the details of convolutional neural networks in greater depth. Below we will see how the network recognizes the input number "8". Note that the Relu process is not shown separately in figure . Figure 18: Visualization of convolutional neural networks The input image has 1024 pixels (32x32 pict

1. Convolution vs. deconvolution The above figure illustrates the process of convolution of the core deconvolution, defining the input matrix I (4x4), the convolution kernel is K (3x3), the output matrix is O (2x2): The process of convolution is: Conv (i,w) =o deconvolution over called: Deconv (W,o) =i (need to the O at this time Extension padding) 2. Step and overlap When the step size of the convolution core movement (stride) is smaller than the s

view ([0 0 1]) =view (0,90) view (2) Sets the default two-dimensional view, Az=0,el=90view (3) sets the default three-dimensional view, Az=-37.5,el=30[az,el]=view returns the current azimuth AZ and elevation Elview (t) with a 4x4 transpose matrix T to set the view t= View returns the current 4x4 transpose matrixTable 5Mmcont2 (x,y,z,c) Two-dimensional contour map with color image Mmcont3 (x,y,z,c) three-di

output point by Lanczos2 function phase interpolation to the field of the output point corresponding to the original image. As shown in 11.Figure One Lanczos2 functionAssuming that G (u,v) is scaled to output a point in the image, it reverts to the nearest point of the original image is F (i,j) and the two are in the source (x, y) of the coordinates, the output point g (U,V) is the following mathematical expression, from which can be seen in fact divided into two steps to achieve vertical filte

Matrix4x4 Matrix API IntroductionNamespace:unityengineDescription descriptionA Standard 4x4 transformation matrix.A standard 4x4 transformation matrix.A transformation matrix can perform arbitrary linear 3D transformations (i.e. translation, rotation, scale, shear etc.) an D perspective transformations using homogenous coordinates. You rarely with matrices in scripts; Most often using Vector3s, Quaternions

topological space. For example, an affine transformation is the transition from one point to another in an affined space. Additionally, this affine space and vector space are siblings. All the friends who do computer graphics know that, although a 3D object only needs 3D vectors to be described, all the computer graphics transformation matrices are 4x4. For the reason, many books have written "for convenience", which seems to me to be an attempt to p

Sudoku Time Limit: 10 seconds memory limit: 32768 KB A Sudoku grid is a 16x16 grid of cells grouped in sixteen 4x4 squares, where some cells are filled with letters fromAToP(The first 16 capital letters of the English alphabet), as shown in Figure 1a. The game is to fillAll the empty grid cells with letters fromAToPSuch that each letter from the grid occurs once only in the line, the column, and the 4x4