tcp ip guide

parameter problem (theIP header field is wrong), and the routing (change of path) is changed. 1.3.2. QueryThis is primarily used for loopback requests and responses (judging whether they are reachable), timestamp requests, and questions and answers (time synchronization) in both cases.1.4. ICMP Example1.4.1. PingDetermine if the destination host is reachable.1.4.2. TracertDisplays the routing path to which the destination host will pass.2.TCP(Interne

TCP/IP Study Notes (14)-future and performance of TCP connections When TCP was born, its main operating environment was low-speed networks such as Ethernet and slip. With the emergence of high-speed networks, the requirement for higher TCP protocol throughput and higher eff

/system32/Drivers/L = tcpip. SYS. 4. Use the tool provided by the IOT platform (for operating systems that do not update the system) Tcpip. sys can be replaced by the tool "TCP/IP connection cracking patch" provided by Iot platform, which breaks through the TCP concurrent connection limit of SP2. Http://download.pchome.net/php/dl.php from the web? SID = 15504 dow

TCP/IP Note 3. Transport Layer (1) -- UDP, TCP 1. Transport Layer 1.1 two Protocols: TCP and UDP. (1) TCP: provides a reliable data transmission service. TCP is connection oriented and can communicate only after the link is establ

Protocol: rules, standards, or conventions established for data exchange (communication) in the network. (= Semantics + syntax + rules) TCP/IP has become an industrial standard for Internet communication. TCP/IP model: TCP protocolIs a connection-oriented reliability tr

When TCP was born, its main operating environment was low-speed networks such as Ethernet and slip. With the emergence of high-speed networks, the requirement for higher TCP protocol throughput and higher efficiency is becoming more and more urgent. To this end, TCP has added three important mechanisms to adapt to current changes. They are Path MTU found. Wind

-IP protocols temporarily allocate port numbers between 1024~5000Port number greater than 5000 reserved port number for other servicesAbout the TCP protocolTCP is the most commonly used protocol for Transport layer, and it is also a more complex protocol.TCP establishes a link before the data is transferred and closes the link when the transmission endsTCP three-time handshake for establishing a linkFirst h

Computer network refers to the different geographic locations of multiple computers with independent functions and their external devices, through the communication lines connected together,Under the management and coordination of network operating system, network management software and network communication protocol, the computer system of resource sharing and information transmission is realized.Network Programmingis the data exchange between programs running on different computers that are u

linear growth4. Fast re-transmission and fast recoveryWhen we receive an out-of-sequence message segment, TCP needs to generate an ACK immediately (a duplicate ACK), which should not be delayed, which is to let the other party know that the message segment was received out of sequence and tell the otherSince we do not know whether a duplicate ACK is caused by a missing segment or simply by reordering, we wait a little bit and make a judgment. When th

can transmit to each other, and in the previous way, when the connection is established, the SYN that is sent contains the MSS, the general size is 10245.TCP half-offTCP provides a connection at one end after it is sent, still can receive the opposite data, just can't send the data, we can control the application to completely close with the semi-close, call Close (), the implementation is completely closed, call shutdown () implementation is what we

TCP/IP status change diagram and TCP three-way handshake and four-way handshake (1) TCP/IP status change diagram: Detailed descriptions of each status: CLOSED: indicates the initial state. It is the same for both the server and the C client. LISTEN: indicates the listening

Reference documents:* "TCP/IP detailed Volume One: agreement"; 1. IP Internetwork Protocol 1.1 features:unreliable : The IP datagram cannot be guaranteed to reach its destination successfully;No connection : Do not maintain any information about the subsequent datagram status, that is, no handshake, such as UDP is

application reads a message segment from the queue each time.(2) Because the transfer data does not establish a connection, so there is no need to maintain the connection state, including the sending and receiving status, so a server can simultaneously transmit the same message to multiple clients.(3) The header of the UDP packet is very short, with only 8 bytes, and the extra overhead of 20 byte packets relative to TCP is small.(4) Throughput is not

can reach. The client's TCP response is normal. While the server also knows the other side of the normal work, the server within 2 hours will be keepalive timer reset.(2) Customer host has crashed. And it shuts down or is starting again. In either case, the client's TCP is not responding. The server will not receive a response to the probe. and timed out after 75 seconds, sending a total of 10 probes. Each

I. Introduction The TCP timestamp option adds 12 bytes to the TCP Header, enabling RTT calculation in a more precise way than the specific proportion of timeout. Ii. Functions 1) The TCP timestamp is in the TCP option, kind =8; Lenth =10Data consists of two values: Timestamp and timestamp echo, each of which has a len

1. IntroductionIP is the most central protocol in the family of TCP/IP protocols. All TCP, UDP, ICMP, and IGMP data are transmitted in an IP datagram format. IP provides unreliable, non-connected datagram delivery services.(1) unreliableIt does not guarantee that

intermediate route is broken, the telephone line is broken, this connection will remainThis behavior indicates that neither application has detected an inactive timer on its own.keepalive function TimerWhen the two ends of a TCP connection fail temporarily, the KeepAlive function produces a good termination effect.The KeepAlive function is provided primarily for server programs, and the server needs to know if the client has crashed Copyright NOTICE:

send at least half of the message segment of the Receiving Party's notification window(3) You can send arbitrary data when you can send all the data at hand and you do not want to receive an ACK, or if the connection prohibits the Nagle algorithm. Adhere to the timer workflow: (1 When the sender receives 0 window notification, it starts the persistence timer, . (2) when the timer is not reached, it receives a non-0 notification, then closes the timer and sends the data. (3) If the timer has

an overview The IP protocol is the most central protocol in the TCP/IP protocol cluster, and all TCP, UDP, ICMP, and IGMP data are transmitted in an IP datagram format. The IP protocol provides unreliable, non-connected data trans

state when the fin is processed, it means that both ends of the connection are closed simultaneously---the two fin sent at both ends is interleaved across the network. The connection enters the closing state. 4.fin_wait_2 status. Receiving fin will bring the connection into the TIME_WAIT state. When the Fin_wait_1 state receives a segment with an ACK and fin, although the connection is transferred directly from Fin_wait_1 to the TIME_WAIT state, the connection actually enters the fin_wait_2 sta