to the hard disk and release the memory when the memory is low.
· Anonymous pages, anonymous pages, those that belong to a process but are not associated with any files, cannot be synchronized to the hard disk, and the KSWAPD is responsible for writing them to the swap partition and freeing up memory when there is not enough memory.
IO ' s per Second (IOPS)
Each disk IO request takes a certain amount of time, and the wait time is simply unbearable
Fio is a very good tool for testing iops to stress test and verify hardware, supporting 19 different I/O engines, including: Sync, mmap, Libaio, Posixaio, SG v3, splice, NULL, network, Syslet, Guasi, Solarisaio and so on.FIO Official website: http://freecode.com/projects/fio/
First, installation
Can be installed directly yum, or download the compressed package to install
Yum Install Fio
Second, the order
1, Random read:
Fio-filename=/dev/sda1-di
.innodb_io_capacity and Innodb_io_capacity_max --These settings affect how much innodb executes in the background per second. If you have a deep understanding of hardware performance, such as how many IO operations can be performed per second, it is advisable to use these features rather than leave it idle.There is a good analogy: if a flight is not sold for a single ticket-then it might be a good strategy for some of the people on a later flight to take the flight, in case of bad weather in the
typeThere are three types of memory pages in Linux:
Read pages, page-only (or code pages), pages that are interrupted from the hard drive through the main pages, including static files, executables, library files, etc. that cannot be modified. When the kernel needs them to read them into memory, when the memory is low, the kernel frees them to the free list, and when the program needs them again, it needs to read the memory again through the fault pages.
Dirty pages, dirty pages, r
disabled on some hardware that uses raid because logically contiguous blocks are not guaranteed to be contiguous on the physical disk.
innodb_io_capacity and Innodb_io_capacity_max -These settings affect how much InnoDB per second in the background. In a previous article I described most of the write Io (in addition to writing InnoDB logs) as background operations. If you have a deep understanding of hardware performance, such as how many IO operations can be performed per second, It is
in memory, such as text files. These files are synchronized to the hard disk by Pdflush, and the data is written back to the hard disk and the memory is freed by KSWAPD and Pdflush when the memory is low.
Anonymous pages, anonymous pages, which belong to a process but are not associated with any files, cannot be synced to the hard disk, and the KSWAPD is responsible for writing them to the swap partition and freeing the memory when the memory is low.
IO ' s Per Second (
Uncover new features of SQL Server 2014 (2)-SSD Buffer Pool (buffer Pool) expansion, 2014 Buffer
Introduction
Another good feature in SQL Server 2014 is that SSD can be virtualized into a portion of the memory for the SQL Server data page buffer. By using SSD to expand the Buffer-Pool, a large number of random IOPS can be carried by SSD, thus greatly reducing random IOPS and PAGE-OUT for data pages.
Ssd as
directly store binary files such as pictures, files, and photos, and can be accessed directly by the client via http:/or https://.
Using Azure Block blobs does not require any azure Virtual machine to be created, directly accessible using
Block blob Single file maximum capacity 200GB
Block blob Single file maximum bandwidth 60mb/s
Block blob support file upload from client (max 4MB per block)
Azure Page Blob
page blob is the VHD file
VHD size M
conventional optimization method, and the second part is the optimization method with a slight "evil" point.
Conventional Optimization Methods for large concurrent transactions:
1) redo log Disk Optimization: If it is stored, you can take out a few more disks for the LOG disk, the most basic knowledge disk should be made into RAID 10, not RAID 5. Depending on your disk, you can use 6-12 disks. These disks are exclusively provided for REDO logs, and the remaining space cannot be provided for oth
We know that MySQL generallog is temporarily opened for debugging or tracking convenience. If online business requests are frequent, a large number of logs are generated instantly, which affects IOPS performance to a certain extent. In addition, we also have a work und, that is, to open slowquerylog and set 0, so that we can record all
We know that the general log of MySQL is temporarily opened for debugging or tracking convenience. If online business
When using Microsoft Azure Public cloud services, there are many high IO requirements and normal VMS and storage cannot be met, so we can solve this problem with premium storage. 1. Introduction to Advanced Storage Azure VM supports attaching multiple premium storage disks, enabling your application to have up to terabytes of storage per VM. With premium storage, applications can achieve 80,000 IOPS (input/output operations per second) and disk throug
perceive virtualization and is designed to support very high throughput at a very low processing cost. Therefore, it is the most efficient driver.
What is the difference in performance?
==================================
Pvscsi and LSI logic parallel/SAS are essential the same when it comes to overall performance capability.Pvscsi, however, is more efficient in the number of host compute cycles that are required to process the same number of iops
Good algorithms and implementations. I/O
The traditional mechanical hard disk is used to store big data, but it is almost impossible to obtain the database content. I would like to make some exploration:
0 disk performance:
Before introducing the disk I/O monitoring command, we need to understand the disk I/O performance monitoring metrics, as well as the disk performance of each indicator. Disk I/O performance metrics include:
1) I/O per second ([r/s w/s])-number of requests processed per secon
Introduction
Another good feature in SQL Server 2014 is that SSD can be virtualized into a portion of the memory for the SQL server data page buffer. By using SSD to expand the buffer-pool, a large number of random iops can be carried by SSD, thus greatly reducing random iops and page-out for data pages.
SSD as buffer pool
SSD is a solid state drive. Unlike traditional disks, SSD has a head moving part
Brief introduction
Another very good feature of SQL Server 2014 is that SSD can be virtualized as part of memory for use by SQL Server data page buffers. By using SSD to extend Buffer-pool, a large number of random IOPS can be hosted by SSD, which reduces the random IOPS and page-out for data pages.
SSD as Buffer Pool
SSD is a solid-state drive, unlike a traditional disk with a magnetic head moving part,
(Taobao filesystem, Taobao file System) was officially online. The cluster size used in the production environment reached 200 PC servers (146g*6 SAS 15K Raid5), the number of files reached billion levels, system deployment storage capacity: 140 TB, actual storage capacity: TB, single support random ioPS 200+, 3MBps traffic.
Taobao cluster File System TFS 1.0 First edition of the logical architecture, the biggest feature of TFS is to hide part of th
size/starting disk Sector/# of Outstanding IO:
General mechanical hard disk sector (sector) size is 512 bytes (sector is the minimum hard disk storage unit). If you use the default 0 o'clock, this means that all the sectors that are filled with this hard drive, if you want to measure a fixed size, can be achieved by setting the maximum disk size. Entering 1000 means that a iobw.tst test file of size 1000x512 bytes will be generated before the test. Starting disk sector refers to the beginning o
, virtualization and even server hardware with a hyper-fusion idea, there is little chance of success. three. Why the hyper-fusion architecture will only appear in recent years.
A revolutionary technology architecture emerges and matures with at least two core factors: strong customer demand and maturity of related technologies.
The hyper-fusion architecture of customer demand comes from business digitization and the internet has dramatically increased the speed and usage requirements of IT res
shown below:
Vm.swappiness=0
kernel.shmmax=21474836480
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_max=4194304
kernel.sem=50100 64128000 50100 1280
vm.dirty_background_bytes=33554432
4. When using XFS, the default block size for PostgreSQL is 8KiB, but in the current Linux environment, running "Mount XFS" will eject the "feature not implemented" error, so the block size should be adjusted to 4KiB. An increase in the number of allocation groups means that more paral
I. Oracle related statistical functions for IO informationThe Oracle I/O stack contains HBAs, which stores the relevant switches and stores the physical disks. Then Oracle recommends validating I/O to avoid problems when deploying applications. But before there was a very prickly problem, that was how to verify I/O side throughput, in other words, how to verify that I/O throughput is more consistent with the real production environment. In Oracle Database 11g, the real Application Testing f
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