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When we learn and use the Android network programming, we touch only the upper layer protocols and interfaces such as Apache HttpClient or Android's own httpurlconnection and so on. We also need to learn more about the underlying implementations of these interfaces, which requires that we understand the network communication layer and that the network communicati
protocol must), but the RFC standard requires that the sender should calculate the test and.UDP verifies and overwrites the UDP protocol header and data, which is different from the IP check and the IP protocol is verified and only overwrites the IP header, and does not overwrite all data. Both UDP and TCP contain a p
You can verify the Linux networking kernel parms from the root user with these commands::many Oracle professionals do Not note the required setting for optimizing oracle*net on Oracle 10g Release 2. Here is a review of the suggested TCP/IP buffer parameters:
$ sysctl–a|grep Rmem
$ sysctl–a|grep Wmem
The Linux networking kernel parms files are lo
model of today's Internet use is the TCP/IP model, and the latter do not use layers 5th and 6th of the OSI, so we ignore them.Well, I think you should understand. Of course, the 7th level we need to consider. In fact, it was for this 7th tier application that we took the trouble to build this model. Yes, the 7th floor is Mister, you have to wait, is so capricious →_→Layer 7th or Application layer:
omitted, the default =0.
Therefore, to create a TCP/IP socket, you can call Socket.socket () using the following method.
Tcpsock = Socket.socket (socket.af_inet, socket. SOCK_STREAM)
Similarly, create a UDP/IP socket, using the following method to invoke the
Udpsock = Socket.socket (socket.af_inet, socket. SOCK_DGRAM)
Create a
Computer OSI and TCP/IP Network Models
1. The computer network model is divided into two types: OSI model and TCP/IP model. Their relationship is as follows:
2. Each layer has its own functions for the OSI model.
Applicati
The computer network, according to its scale can be divided into WAN (Wide area network, WAN), and LAN (local area network, LAN).
Lan
Wan
7 Stages of computer and network development:
1. Batch processing: The value of the user program and data in advance loaded into a cassette or disk, and by the computer in a certa
After the installation of network hardware and network protocol, we generally have to do the TCP/IP protocol testing, then how to test is a more comprehensive test? We believe that comprehensive testing should include two aspects of local area network and Internet, so it sho
After the network hardware and network protocols are installed, we usually need to test the TCP/IP protocol. How can we perform a comprehensive test? We believe that the comprehensive test should include two aspects: Lan and Internet. Therefore, we should test the LAN and Internet, the following are the steps to test t
TCP/IP basics for network programming I. ISO/OSI Reference Model 1. OSI (opensysteminterconnection) open system interconnection model is a network layered model defined by ISO (InternationalOrganizationforStandardization, A total of seven layers .... Network programming-
implementing the output codevoidWrite_routine (intSockChar*buf) { while(1) {fgets (buf, Buf_size, stdin); if(!STRCMP (BUF,"q\n") || !STRCMP (BUF,"q\n") {shutdown (sock, SHUT_WR); return; } write (sock, buf, strlen (BUF)); }}at the same time the multi-process server also has shortcomings, each creation of a process represents a large number of operations and memory space consumption, mutual process data exchange is also very troublesome ... So how to fix it, the blog behind me may give an ans
customer connections. As long as you do not accept, the number of sockets in the kernel queue will not be reduced.4 Close: When we close the connection, we use close to actually just subtract the reference count of the file descriptor by 1, and one fork causes the open see Descriptor reference count in the parent process to be added by 1. So in this case we should do a close to the file descriptor in the parent-child process. If you want to terminate the connection directly, you can use the shu
Break;fputs(buf, stdout); Fflush (stdout); }//Send the last string to the server fputs("from Client:thank you! \ n ", WRITEFP); Fflush (WRITEFP);//semi-closed shutdown is mainly used for the service side, the customer service directly close the general will not have any impact (study note _10)Fclose (WRITEFP); Fclose (READFP);return 0;}voidError_handling (Char*message) {fputs(message, stderr); FPUTC (' \ n ', stderr);Exit(1);} Copyright NOTICE: This article for Bo Master origi
which port to forward this data to by the destination MAC address. Instead of being forwarded to all drop ports, like the hub. Therefore, the switch is able to divide the conflict domain drops.Network layerFour main protocols: Internet Protocol IP: Responsible for addressing and routing packets between host and network. Address Resolution Protocol ARP: Obtain the hardware host address in the same physical
1. Linux virtual network card-TunThe virtual NIC Driver in Linux can be configured in two modes: point-to-point Tun mode and Ethernet tap mode. In Tun mode, IP datagram is generated from the virtual Nic, that is, layer-3 data, and the Ethernet frame from the virtual Nic In the tap mode, that is, layer-2 link layer data. IP datagram encapsulated in Tun mode can be
TCP/IP network programming (transcription Note 5) –select and IO multiplexingUsing fork () to generate a child process can reach a server-side request that can respond to multiple clients at the same time, but this has drawbacks:Requires a lot of computing and memory space, each process must have a separate memory space, data exchange is also cumbersome (IPC, suc
Link: http://www.vckbase.com/document/viewdoc? Id = 472
Windows Socket network programming (1)--TCP/IP architecture, characteristics, and Related TermsAuthor:Freezing Point Studio Xiaoying
I. Architecture and features of TCP/IP
1. TCP
TCP/IP network programming (transcription note 3) – Zombie process and multitasking concurrent server table of Contents
The production of zombie processes
Avoid zombie processes
Signal
Multi-tasking Concurrent server
The production of zombie processes
Child process exits first, parent process does not exit ==> zombie process
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