reached 66MHz or even 133MHz
Equipped with a 32-bit data bus, and the specification already includes 64-bit extensions
Platform independence as much as possible
simplifies the task of adding and removing peripherals to the system
PCI device is a jumper-free device that can be configured automatically during the boot phase
PCI Addressing
each PCI peripheral is identified by a bus number, a device number,
Linux drivers installed on MC provide three solutions-general Linux technology-Linux technology and application information. The following is a detailed description. Method 1: for Ubuntu, the preferred method is to install the driver that comes with the release version through the network source or CD. you only need to
distory function */
Int cleanup_module ()
{
Printk ("I will shut down myself in kernerl mod/n )";
Retutn 0;
}
This example is complete. We also write a makefile example to make it suitable for our applications with heavy program. Here is the content of the makfile.
# A makefile for a module
CC = gcc
MODCFLAGS: =-Wall _ DMODULE-D_KERNEL _-DLinux
Hello. o hello. c/usr/inculde? Linux/version. h
CC $ (MODCFLAGS) 0c hello. c
Echo the module is complie com
[Video] development secrets of Embedded Linux/Android drivers (3) camera driver development and android driver development
Secrets of Embedded Linux/Android driver development (3) camera driver development
Topic introduction:This topic provides an in-depth analysis of the Android mobile phone camera components, so that the audience can understand the knowledge b
some big data files, it is necessary to install Cuda (Compute Unified Device Architecture). Cuda is a general-purpose parallel computing architecture introduced by Nvidia that enables GPUs to solve complex computational problems.Installs the NVIDIA Cuda toolset and Nvidia OpenCL. The execution commands are as follows:[emailprotected]:~# aptitude install nvidia-cuda-toolkit nvidia-opencl-icdAfter executing the above command, if there is no error during the output, the package is successfully ins
and the typical user-space malloc.(Simple heap-based memory allocation technology)The kernel uses special page-based allocation techniques to optimally utilize system RAM.Linux handles memory allocations by creating a series of memory object pools in which the size of the memory blocks in each pool is consistent. SecretariatWhen a request is assigned, a whole block is passed directly to the requestor in a pool that contains a sufficiently large chunk of memory.The kernel can allocate only a few
---restore content starts---Linux device driversOne, the role of device-drivenThe most popular explanation for device drivers is " Drive hardware Device Actions ". Drive and the underlying hardware directly to deal with, according to the specific work of the hardware device, read and write device registers, the completion of the device polling (polling (Polling) is a CPU decision how to provide peripheral e
same. such as hard disks, floppy disks, CD-ROM drives, DVD players, etc.4, the character device data or can not be randomly accessed, or can but access to random data is largely dependent on the location of the data within the device, such as tape drives5, the general device file name is irrelevant, the key is the device type, the main device number, the secondary device number6, the main device number and the second device number is 65536,linux maxi
be added to the kernel at run time is called a "module." The Linux kernel supports several types of modules, including but not limited to device drivers. Each module consists of the target code, which can be used to connect the module to the running kernel using the INSMOD program, or to remove the connection using the Rmmod program.The Linux system divides the
Sndrv_dev_jack ((__force snd_device_type_t) 0x1009)
#define Sndrv_dev_lowlevel ((__force snd_device_type_t) 0x2000)
In general, we are more concerned with both the PCM and control devices.Three. Driver-driven code file structureIn the Linux2.6 code tree, the ALSA code file structure is as follows:Sound/core/oss/seq/ioctl32/include/drivers/i2c/synth/emux/pci/(Cards)/isa/(Cards)/arm/ppc/sparc/usb/pcmcia/(cards)/oss/soc/codecs
Core This direc
queue, and non-blocking I/O is implemented by polling.One, blocking I/O implementation--waiting queue1. Basic conceptIn Linux drivers, you can use the wait queue (wait queues) to wake up a blocking process . Wait queue is very early as a basic functional unit in the Linux kernel, it is a queue-based data structure, and process scheduling mechanism tightly integr
atomic items that must be transmitted, and the direction of the transmission
void Set_dma_mode (unsigned int channel, char mode);
Mode
Dma_mode_read
Dma_mode_write
Dma_mode_cascade
Release control of the bus
void set_dma_addr (unsigned int channel, unsigned int addr);
void Set_dma_count (unsigned int channel, unsigne
unsigned long state; The bitmap identifier, whose possible value is enumerated by tasklet_state_xxx atomic_t count; Counter, 0 indicates that the micro task is closed and is not executable. Non 0 indicates that the micro task has been opened Void (*func) (unsigned long); The function to execute unsigned long data; The parameters of the above function};
The following is an article I recently read when I wrote a pci driver. I hope it will be helpful to you. Hi, I was a beginner in linux.The driver is also difficult, and many people are asked about it shamelessly. I would like to express my gratitude and sorry to these experts, especially unix1998. The level of helplessness is limited. It may be wrong in some places. IfIf you are not reading the original text smoothly, read the original text.Original article:/Documentation/pci.txtThere is also a
, the kernel does not need to handle the concurrent access hardware, only one application instance will access the hardwarePossible user-space device driversUSB with Libusb, http://www.libusb.org/SPI with Spidev, Documentation/spi/spidevI²c with I2cdev, Documentation/i2c/dev-interfacememory-mapped devices with UIO, including interrupt handling, documentation/docbook/uio-howto/Some device drivers are implemented in user space, part of the kernel space
contiguous and the corresponding data block on disk is also adjacent, then the general block layer can be merged with them, this way to produce a larger memory area is the physical segment.Common block Layer:1. The common block layer is a kernel component that handles requests from all block devices in the systemI\O Scheduler:1. Block device drivers can transmit one sector at a time, but the block i\o layer does not do so because it is time-consuming
extended at execution time. Code that can be added to the kernel at execution time is called a "module."The Linux kernel supports several types of modules. Contains, but is not limited to, device drivers.Each module consists of the target code, which can be used to connect the module to the executing kernel using the INSMOD program, or to remove the connection using the Rmmod program.The Linux system divid
I. Brief Introduction to concepts
In Linux, you can load the driver in two ways: Static Loading and dynamic loading.
Static Loading is to directly compile the driver into the kernel, which can be called directly after the system is started. The disadvantage of static loading is that it is troublesome to debug. You need to re-compile and download the kernel each time you modify a local file, which is less efficient. If a large number of
Porting real-time device drivers to embedded Linux-general Linux technology-Linux programming and kernel information. The following is a detailed description. Linux has occupied the embedded system market like a storm. According to industry analysts, about 1/3 to 1/2 of the
;}/* The distory function */Int cleanup_module (){Printk ("I will shut down myself in kernerl mod/n )";Retutn 0;}
This example is complete. We also write a makefile example to make it suitable for our applications with heavy program. Here is the content of the makfile.
# A makefile for a moduleCC = gccMODCFLAGS: =-Wall _ DMODULE-D_KERNEL _-DLinuxHello. o hello. c/usr/inculde? Linux/version. hCC $ (MODCFLAGS) 0c hello. cEcho the module
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