When writing poems or programs, we often have to deal with Euclid's algorithms. However, there is no reason why Euclid's algorithms are effective and efficient, and some extreme (well, allow me to use this strong personal emotional word) computer scientists believe that unless the correctness of the program is mathematically completely strictly confirmed, otherwise we can not think that the program is correct. Since the existence is reasonable, so I will explain in detail the Euclidean algorithm
Use python to explain the proof of work and pythonproofEveryone who knows about Bitcoin knows that mining consumes a lot of power. This is because Bitcoin has proved to be useful.Workload proof refers to the work measurement method set by the system to achieve a certain goal. It was initially used for network attack and defense, which greatly increased the attacker's computing workload and increased the att
Proof: If P is prime and (a,p) = 1, then a^ (p-1) ≡1 (mod p)A: Prepare knowledge:lemma 1. Residual system theorem 2 if A,b,c is any 3 integers, M is a positive integer, and (m,c) = 1, then when AC≡BC (MODM), there is a≡b (MODM)Proof: AC≡BC (mod m) can be ac–bc≡0 (mod m) available (A-B) c≡0 (mod m) because (m,c) =1 is M,c coprime, C can go around, a–b≡0 (mod m) can get A≡b (mod m )lemma 2. Residual system th
--– Blockchain starts from zero-the second (proof of work) ————
——————— – @Author mobei Fly Sand ————————
IntroductionIn the previous article, we implemented the most basic data structure model of the blockchain, adding chunks and connecting to the previous block. However, our implementation is very simple, and the real bitcoin blockchain, each chunk of the addition of the need to go through a large number of calculations to complete, this process i
Here is a way to prove that the greedy algorithm is the best one: Exchange Argument (do not know how to translate to Chinese, exchange parameters?). It sounds awkward, not like the name of a method ~o (╯-╰) o)The main idea of Exchange argument is to assume that there is an optimal algorithm that is closest to our greedy algorithm, and then, by exchanging a step (or element) in two algorithms, a new optimal algorithm is obtained, and the algorithm is closer to our greedy algorithm than the previo
0.SLAM in SVD The application of least squaresIn slam applications, the least squares are used when calculating the homography matrix,fundamental Matrix, as well as for triangulation (triangulation).1. BackgroundLeast squares fitting of a pile of observed noisy data2. Theoretical Models3. Optimize your goals4. Optimization Process5. Engineering Implementation6. Proof of the least squares optimal solution using SVD for the homogeneous equation (thanks
After such a long time, finally know how to get along with the proof, before just remember, but not really understand, now write its proof, so that the next time you forget to look at. The greatest common divisor of a two-digit number is calculated.To prove that the theorem is established, only the proof of gcd (A, b) = gcd (b, a% B) is required.Proof: Make a% B
The Chinese proofs of the theoremble theorem circulated on the Internet are not so easy to understand. So here I will describe my general proof.
Schmerlot's theorem: in a clear-cut chess game (such as Chinese chess and chess) that will surely end in a limited number of steps. In any particular situation, set a first-to-second, after B, either a will win the next method, B will win the next method, or A and B will both follow the next method.
It indi
The purpose of this article is to let oneself learn Goldbach conjecture study of specific methods, specific reference Pan book "Prime Distribution and Goldbach conjecture", in this I will prove the details as far as possible to write more detailed, convenient later reference again. Because it is all self-taught, in this first article, only a few coarser estimates are considered, which is enough to prove the three prime theorems below. Even so, the proof
The prim algorithm proves that:For AI points in the minimum cost spanning treeRemove the K-bar connected to himThe least connected graph becomes k+1 connected sub-graphChoose AI points to connect the smallest side of the outside A1 to A2Must be one side of the smallest tree.For A1 A2 two points in the minimum cost spanning treeDelete their k ' edges connected to the outside worldConnect graph becomes K ' + 1 Unicom sub-mapThey are connected to the outside world by the smallest side AI to A3Must
The third edition of the introduction to algorithms uses the insertion sort and merge order to learn about the running time of the program.
I use the post-class proof to demonstrate, how to use the mathematical induction method to prove the program run time of the merge sort.
On the implementation of merge sort, I have provided an almost perfect code in the previous article, the students need to learn from it.
The original question is as follow
Feasibility proof of twosum problem solving algorithm in Leetcode first, introductionOn the first question in Leetcode, there have been many great man-made solutions on the Internet, and a practical algorithm has been put forward for the twosum. I consulted the answers to the blog http://www.zixue7.com/article-9576-1.html when I answered the question. To allow readers to read and understand this article more intuitively, a brief excerpt from the above
studied in an experiment (based on a method similar to Monte Carlo), there has been no formal proof of its time complexity up to now. We now claim that the complexity of zpg's solution is NP-complete.
Theorem 1: determine that the solution of a Zen puzzle garden instance is NP complete.Next, let's create a proof for the next NP complete problem and give a cubic plot. Does it contain a one or two Hamilton l
Knowing Bitcoin knows that mining is very power-hungry, because Bitcoin uses a proof of workload.Workload proof refers to the work metrics that the system sets up to achieve a goal. At first, it is used in the network attack and defense, greatly improve the attacker's computational capacity, the cost of the attack went up.The workload certification needs to be done by both the worker and the verifier. It ha
' s theorem) for the situation of a Nim game (A1,a2,..., an), it is p-position when and only if a1^a2^...^an=0, where ^ represents an XOR operation. How, is not very magical. When I saw it, I thought it was magical, and it was completely unreasonable to relate to XOR or operation. But the proof of this theorem is not complex, basically is according to two kinds of position proof.5
A few days ago also to everyone said Web application firewall, including software and hardware, today, Internet Ranger to recommend a product, of course, this is the second one, is: Web page tamper-proof +web application firewall. More features, okay, nonsense do not say, the text begins:
Installation is skipped, I believe that the people interested in this article can be configured according to the instructions. Here are just a few features.
The pr
generated by the CA certificate and private key, you can also generate their own public and private keys, and then the public key issued by the CA.
Merkel (also called Hash tree) is a binary tree consisting of a root node, a group of intermediate nodes, and a set of leaf nodes. The bottom leaf node contains the stored data or its hash value, each intermediate node is a hash of its two child node content, and the root node is also comprised of the hash value of its two child node contents.
Furt
each router. Then a problem arises. A huge internet, how to believe that so many hop-on route stitching up a complete path is really the most optimized? The answer is clearly definite. The question is how to prove it.Routing algorithms in the book, the routing algorithm is basically divided into the distance vector algorithm and link state algorithm, the respective protocol masterpiece is RIP and OSPF (I am relying on these two to find the first job), it is true, but from the correctness of the
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