13, 14 Unit summary

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############## #unit 13###################################
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############ #如何安装软件 #################################
# # #1. Software name Recognition # # #
[abrt-addon-ccpp]-[2.1.11-19]. [E17]. [X86_64].rpm # #rpm结尾的适用于redhat操作系统
||               ||               || ||
Software name software version software using System 64-bit

# # #2. How to install software # # #
1.rpm
Rpm-i name.rpm # #安装
-V name.rpm # #显示安装进度
-H name.rpm # #指定加密方式
-E name # #卸载
-QL Name # #查询软件生成文件
-QLP name.rpm # #查询软件安装后会生成什么文件
-QA # #查询系统中安装的所有软件名称
-QA |grep Name # #查询软件是否安装
-Q Name # #查询软件是否安装
-QP name.rpm # #查询软件安装包安装后的名字
-QF FileName # #查看filename属于哪个安装包
-IVH name.rpm--force # #强制安装
-qi Name # #查看软件信息
-KV name.rpm # #检测软件包是否被篡改


2.yum
Top software management tools, the most important function is to solve the software dependencies
Yum can be put into use only if there is a Yum source, and the configuration source points to the file

Yum List all # # #列出所有安装包
Yum List installed # # #列出已经安装的
Yum List available # # #列出没有安装的
Yum Remove Software # # #卸载软件
Yum install software # # #安装软件
Yum Search Keyword # # #搜索与关键字相关的软件
Yum whatprovides FileName # # #搜索包含此文件的包
Yum Reinstall Software # # #从新安装软件
Yum Localinstall third-party software # # #安装第三方软件并解决依赖关系
Yum Info softwarename # # #查询软件信息
Yum Clean All # # #清空yum缓存
Yum Update # # #更新软件
Yum History # # #查看系统软件改变历史
Yum Groups List # # # #列出软件组
Yum groups install Softwaregroup # # #安装组
Yum groups remove Softwaregroup # # #卸载组
Yum groups Info Softwaregroup # # #查看组信息




############## #官方软件仓库的建立 ###############

Server Source Side
1. Need a matching local installation image, Rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-dvd.iso, this file is downloaded from the official website
2.mount rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-dvd.iso/mnt
3.mv/etc/yum.repos.d/*/mnt
4.vim/etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo
[Redhatsoftware] # # #仓库名称
Name=localsoftware # # #仓库描述
BASEURL=FILE:///MNT # # #仓库地址
Gpgcheck=0 # # #是否检测软件的gpgkey

5. Installing resource sharing files
Yum Install Httpd-y
Systemctl Stop Firewalld
Systemctl Start httpd
Systemctl Enable httpd

6. Create a shared directory and mount the image file to a shared directory
Mkdir-p/var/www/html/yumsource
Umount/mnt
mount/mnt/rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-dvd.iso/var/www/html/rhel7.1

7. Testing
Enter in the browser:/HTTP//native ip/rhel7.1
You can see the mirrored content
##<<<yum Source Address:/HTTP host ip/rhel7.1>##

8. Modify the native Yum source to point to
[Server]
name=rhel7.1
baseurl=file:///var/www/html/rhel7.1
Gpgcheck=0

9. Boot automatically hangs ISO
Vim/etc/rc.d/rc.local
Mount rhel-server-7.1-x86_64-dvd.iso/var/www/html/rhel7.1
: Wq

chmod +x/etc/rc.d/rc.local

Allows the system to read the contents of the Rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-dvd.iso
Vim/etc/fstab
/xxx/rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-dvd.iso/xxx iso9660 ro,relatime 0 0
Image file hangs on point type mount parameter backup detection

Mount-a

10. Building of third-party software repositories
Put all the RPM packages in a directory, this directory can only exist RPM files
Createrepo-v/rpm Storage Directory
Vim/etc/yum.repos.d/xxx/repo
[Software]
Name=software
BASEURL=FILE:///RPM Storage Directory
Gpgcheck=0

# # # #3. Client specified End # # # #
/ETC/YUM.REPOS.D # #仓库指向文件存储目录
Vim/etc/yum.repos.d/test.repo # # #仓库指向文件
[Redhatsoftware] # # #仓库名称
Name=localsoftware # # #仓库描述
baseurl=file://|ftp://|http://# # #仓库地址
Gpgcheck=1|0 # # #是否检测软件的gpgkey
Enabled=1 # # #此仓库在系统中生效
Gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/rpm-gpg-key-redhat-release # #本机gpgkey文件


Yum Clean All # # #刷新仓库配置



# # # #4. Network Yum Source Configuration # # # #
Yum Install httpd
Systemctl Stop Firewalld
Systemctl Start httpd
Systemctl Enable httpd
Vim/etc/fstab
/xxx/rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-dvd.iso/var/www/html/source iso9660 ro,relatime 0 0

Mount-a

Yum Source:/http Current host/source





####################################################################
############################ #第十四单元 ###############################
####################################################################
1. Identification of equipment
/DEV/SDA # # #系统中的第一块串口硬盘
/dev/hda # # #系统中第一快并口硬盘
/DEV/HDB # # #系统中第二快并口硬盘
/dev/cdrom # # #系统光驱
/DEV/MAPPER/XXX # # #虚拟设备

Fdisk-l # #查看真实存在的设备
Cat/proc/partitions # #系统能够识别的设备
Blkid # #系统能够挂在使用的设备id
DF # #查看设备被系统使用的情况

2. Use of the device
(1) Mounting of the device
Mount device Mount point # # #挂载
MOUNT/DEV/SDA1/MNT # # #把系统中的第一快硬盘的第一个分区挂载到/mnt

(2) Unloading equipment
Umount Equipment | mount point # # #卸载设备
Blkid # # #显示所有可用设备的id信息
Df-h (2 of the N-square)-H (10 of N This party) # # # #查看挂载信息
Du-h (display unit)-s (only statistics directory itself) File|dir # # # #统计文件大小

(3). When the following problem occurs when the device is uninstalled
[Email protected] ~]# umount/mnt/
Umount:/mnt:target is busy.
(In some cases useful info about processes
The device is found by lsof (8) or fuser (1))

Use
FUSER-KVM Device | mount point-K kill,-V show details,-m scan device
Lsof Equipment | mount point
To find the process that consumes the device

2. Soft and Hard links
Ls-i # #查看文件节点号
Ln-s/file/file1 # #软链接
Ln/file/file1 # #硬链接

3. How to find files in the system
1.locate filename # #在文件数据中搜索filename信息, updatedb update file database
2. Find
Find command
Find path Condition Condition value
Find/mnt-name file
Find/mnt-name "file*"
Find/etc-name "*.conf"
-user # #用户
-group # #组
Condition 1-a Condition 2 # #并且
Condition 1-o Condition 2 # #或者
-type # #类型
-mmin +|-Number # #时间

DD If=/dev/zero of=/mnt/file1 bs=1024 count=10 10240bit

Find/mnt-size 10k # #筛选出大小等于10k的文件
find/mnt-size-10k # #筛选出大小小于10k的文件
Find/mnt-size +10k # #筛选出大小大于10k的文件

13, 14 Unit summary