3 S Technology Integration

 

3 S Technology Integration

 

At present, the research on the integration and integration of the "3 S" technology has developed to some extent and is going through a process from low-level to advanced development and improvement. In the low-level stage of the "3 S" system, some functions are called between systems. In the advanced stage of "3 S" integration, not only functions are called, instead, it directly works together to form an organic integrated system to quickly and accurately obtain the current information of positioning, dynamically update the data, and realize real-time on-site query, analysis, and judgment. There are four main modes of integration: (1) Combination of GIS and RS; (2) combination of GIS and GPS; (3) combination of RS and GPS; (4) the combination of GIS, GPS and Rs. The following sections describe:

GIS and RS integration

The combination of GIS and RS mainly shows that RS is an important information source of GIS, and GIS is a powerful technical guarantee for processing and analyzing spatial data. The key technology of the combination of the two lies in the interface problem of raster data and vector data: remote sensing systems generally use raster format, and their information is stored in pixels. GIS mainly uses graphics vector format, it is stored by point, line, and surface (polygon). The difference between them is that image data and graphic data are produced by representing the same information of the objective world with different spatial concepts. At present, the Integrated Application Technology of RS and GIS is becoming more mature, and relevant reports have been reported on vegetation classification, disaster estimation, and image processing.

GIS and GPS Integration

The combination of GPS and GIS not only gives full play to their respective functions, but also produces many more advanced functions, so that the functions of GPS and GIS can reach a new level. Through GIS, GPS positioning information can be reflected in electronic maps in real time, accurately and visually, and roaming query. Generally, the basemap cannot be input for signals received by the GPS receiver. If the GPS receiver obtains the positioning information, it returns to the topographic map or Topic Map to check the surrounding geographical attributes, if the GPS receiver is combined with an electronic map, the real-time differential location technology and the corresponding communication means are used to form various electronic navigation and monitoring systems, it can be widely used in transportation, public security detection, vehicle and boat autonomous driving, etc. GPS can collect, update or correct data for GIS in a timely manner. For example, in cadastral surveys or field surveys, the data obtained by GPS positioning is input to an electric map or database, you can modify, verify, and assign the topic chart attributes to generate a topic chart.

Combination of RS and GPS

From the GIS perspective, both GPS and RS can be seen as data source acquisition systems. However, GPS and RS have independent functions and can complement each other. This is the basis for combining GPS and Rs. The precise positioning function of GPS overcomes the difficulty of RS positioning. The traditional remote sensing technology mainly uses three-dimensional observation, two-dimensional spatial transformation, and the ground-air-ground mode to first obtain the location and attitude or transformation coefficient of Spatial Information images, then they are used to find the location of the ground target point and generate DEM and geocode images. However, this positioning method is not only time-consuming and labor-consuming, but cannot be implemented when there is no control point on the ground, thus affecting the real-time entry of data into the system. The Rapid Positioning of GPS provides the possibility of RS entering the GIS system in real time. The basic principle is to use the GPS/INS method, ZS) and Attitude Parameters (PHI, ω, k) are recorded simultaneously, and the corresponding software is used to quickly generate direct learning encoding. In addition, RS data can also be used to query GPS location remote sensing information.

2gis, GPS, and RS integration

The integration of Spatial positioning technology, remote sensing technology and geographic information technology is undoubtedly the goal pursued by people. This system not only supports automatic and real-time data collection, processing, and updating, but also intelligently analyzes and uses data to provide scientific decision-making consultation for various applications, and answers various complicated questions that users may ask. In this system, GIS is equivalent to the central nervous system, RS is equivalent to a sensor, and GPS is equivalent to a positioner. The combination of the three will allow the Earth to feel its own changes in real time, it plays a huge role in many fields such as resource environment and regional management.

 

3 SApplication Prospects of Technology Integration

 

1. Application in regional (remote sensing) Geology

The primary task of regional geological survey is to obtain geological information. The collection of field geological data is an important source of information acquisition. The field data recorder, GPS and RS technology can be used to collect data of geophysical and chemical measurement points and drilling well coordinates, water system sediment or soil samples, the digitization of linear features such as roads and rivers can be achieved by GIS. This not only improves the precision of data collection, but also reduces the workload in the field and greatly improves the work efficiency.

2 Application in regional gravity Exploration

In regional gravity survey, it has been quite common to use GPS technology to encrypt control points and three-dimensional positioning of measurement points. Its plane and elevation positioning accuracy can fully meet the standard requirements, the work efficiency is more than three times higher than that of the conventional method. Especially in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Gobi desert, and tidal flats, the work efficiency can be improved by more than 10 times, and the production cost can be reduced by 30 ~ 50%.

3. Application in Hydrogeology

The purpose of the 3 S Technology Integration in hydrogeology is to dynamically monitor the water environment in a certain region, so as to promptly discover the changes and regularity of the water environment, it provides scientific decision-making basis for implementing water environmental protection. The implementation of the water environment dynamic monitoring system in Dianchi basin has accumulated experience for 3 S technology in hydrological and geological applications [2 〕. Through the analysis and evaluation of regional geographical elements, the system obtains the spatial distribution of soil erosion intensity, the difference of soil erosion intensity, and the distribution of water quality elements in Dianchi Lake, which provides a basis for water control projects. The system includes three independent models: (1) Expert model for evaluating soil erosion in Dianchi basin; (2) Remote Sensing Model for Dianchi Water quality; (3) model for soil erosion intensity. It features that each model runs independently, but has a unified data format and database sharing. The core of the system is the GIS analysis and processing part. All types of spatial data are corrected and converted and stored in the unified database. Each model obtains the data required by the database and then generates the result. GPS rapid positioning ensures Dynamic Registration of RS data and ground-based synchronous monitoring data, and dynamically enters the GIS analysis and processing subsystem, truly realizing the integrated integration of 3 S technology. The system is put into operation, which provides a promising technical support for the dynamic monitoring of the water environment in the Dianchi basin, and plays an important role in the Water Control Project of the basin.

4. Application in the Study of geological disasters

In the study of geological disasters, such as debris flow, collapse, slope stability, fracture, and earthquake, close integration of RS and GIS has been achieved, the overall integration of 3 S technology has been achieved in some projects. The basic practice is: first, use GIS to establish the digital elevation model in the study area, and then use the combined registration of aerial images with different GPS-located Rs, form an intuitive three-dimensional display, then you can observe the dynamic characteristics of geological disasters in a comprehensive and intuitive manner, and then analyze and process the data through GIS, this allows you to analyze and determine the activity trends and hazards of geological disasters more accurately. Therefore, RS + GIS is an important tool and means for geological disaster prediction, disaster reduction, and disaster prevention. In recent years, RS + GIS has been widely used in the study of geological disasters in China. Such as the "Real-Time Flood Monitoring System" and "flood risk assessment system" established by the Ministry of Water Resources and the Chinese Emy of Sciences, and the "Yangtze River Flood Control Decision Support System" developed by Nanjing Institute of hydrological resources, it has played an important role in flood control in the '98 Yangtze River Basin in recent years.

Application of 3 S technology in land resource planning

China is a country with frequent and serious disasters. The loss of land resources is serious due to soil erosion, desertification, desertification, drought, and environmental pollution. It is imperative to use 3 S technology to plan the use of land resources and restore the productivity of land resources. 3 S technology is used by the Land Resource planner to obtain the basic information of the region, adopt an appropriate planning model, plan the planning area, and evaluate the planning effect, provides optimal planning solutions for land resource planning.

Application of S technology in decision-making on sustainable land use

During land use research, GPS is used to quickly locate spatial data and provide spatial coordinates for Remote Sensing Real-time Data. It is used to establish a real-time land use database and correct and check remote sensing data; RS can be used to provide real-time, dynamic, and rapid information sources for land coverage and land use. It can promptly discover regions with dynamic land changes and provide information sources for GIS; GIS is used to manage, query, analyze, and visualize spatial data. It can convert a large amount of abstract statistical data into an intuitive Topic Map to visually display the laws of land use changes.