Adult high-risk groups will become the focus of Hepatitis B prevention and control

July 28

World hepatitis day

The subject of the World Health Organization this year is "recognition ". The National Health and Family Planning Commission has determined this year's promotional topic "fight against hepatitis and start from me" to further raise public awareness of viral hepatitis, popularize knowledge on Prevention and Control of Hepatitis, and call on everyone to pay attention to their own health, fight against viral hepatitis through vaccination, early screening, and standardized treatment.

Data

Beijing Viral Hepatitis

The lowest incidence in China

At present, the incidence of viral hepatitis in Beijing is at the lowest level in China. In 2013, the reported incidence of viral hepatitis in the city was 5.16/0.1 million, down 2012 from 26.79%. The incidence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and non-Classification of Hepatitis B decreased by 40.71%, 44.32%, and 34.98%, respectively.

Background

0.35 billion of global Chronic Hepatitis B

0.17 billion chronic hepatitis C

Viral hepatitis is a common infectious disease caused by a variety of hepatitis viruses. It is highly contagious, has a complex transmission path, has a wide range of epidemics, and has a high incidence. Generally, there are five types of Hepatitis B Virus: A, B, C, D, and E. Clinically, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, liver enlargement, and abnormal liver function are the main manifestations, some of which are prone to jaundice and common non-symptom infections.

Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E virus can cause acute infections. Both hepatitis B and C viruses can cause chronic infections and develop into cirrhosis and liver cancer, causing great harm. These five types are of the greatest concern, due to the burden of disease and death, as well as possible outbreaks and outbreaks. Data shows that 0.35 billion people around the world suffer from chronic hepatitis B and 0.17 billion suffer from chronic hepatitis C.

There are nearly 0.1 billion of carriers of Hepatitis B Virus in China. Each year, there are as many as 0.1 million new infections of hepatitis B, from the perspective of acute infectious diseases or chronic liver diseases, viral Hepatitis B infection and chronic liver disease are extremely serious problems.

Preferred vaccine for preventing Hepatitis B

Because hepatitis B virus infection is the main cause of primary liver cancer, vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine can also reduce the occurrence of primary liver cancer. Vaccination against hepatitis B is also the safest and most effective measure to prevent hepatitis B.

After the whole process of vaccination against hepatitis B, about 80% to 95% of the population can produce immunity, and the protection effect can be sustained for more than 20 years.

Currently, maternal hospital childbirth and Hepatitis B screening are fully implemented in Beijing. According to the Beijing immunization plan, the newborn should be given the first hepatitis B vaccine immediately after birth, and the second and third needles of hepatitis B vaccine should be given at the age of January and at the age of June, respectively. Each year, Beijing also carries out a hepatitis B vaccine to enhance immunization for 1 injection in freshmen in the first year of junior high school (12-13 years old.

Although the immunization of neonatal hepatitis B vaccine and Maternal and Child blocking of Hepatitis B have achieved remarkable results in Beijing, the incidence of hepatitis B in adults over 15 years old has not changed significantly compared with that in 1990, even in some years, the incidence rate is higher than that in 1990. This indicates that the current spread of hepatitis B in Beijing has changed from maternal-child transmission to horizontal transmission.

Horizontal transmission refers to some specific activities of people in daily life, such as medical beauty, multi-sex companion contact, drug abuse, etc. in unqualified beauty agencies. In addition, there are also literature reports at home and abroad, some special patients, such as hemodialysis and organ transplantation, have received regular medical treatment, but due to their special exposure, they will still increase the chance of being infected with hepatitis B virus.

Over the past 20 years, Beijing's newborn hepatitis B vaccination has achieved remarkable results, while adult hepatitis B virus is susceptible, especially adult high-risk groups (such as spouse or sex companion of people infected with hepatitis B, health care personnel in service or before employment, rescue personnel, regular hemodialysis patients, unsafe injection, etc) because it is more vulnerable to hepatitis B virus infection and the vaccination rate of hepatitis B vaccine is not high, it will become a major concern for Beijing in the future.

Glossary

Viral Hepatitis

The liver is a very important organ in the human body. It has many functions such as bile secretion, metabolism, coagulation, detoxification, and immunity. Once the liver is ill, it will disrupt many physiological functions of the human body. Many liver diseases do not have obvious symptoms. If a patient does not pay attention to them, the patients may ignore them and eventually cause serious problems.

Viral hepatitis is divided into five types: Type A, type B, type C, type D and Type E. Among them, hepatitis A and hepatitis E are transmitted through the intestinal tract, and the hepatitis virus is discharged with the feces of patients or healthy people. When people drink or consume the water or food contaminated by the hepatitis virus, it can cause human diseases. Currently, medical discoveries usually result in liver cancer diseases such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C.

Yes

Q: Will it be infected if I have dinner with patients with hepatitis B?

A: Hepatitis A and hepatitis E are mainly transmitted through the gastrointestinal tract, that is, "disease from the mouth". Eating with these two types of patients may be infected. Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hepatitis D are mainly transmitted through blood, and they will not be infected if they eat with these three types of patients. The possibility of transmitting data through this channel is extremely low, unless the blood in the mouth of the hepatitis B patient enters another user's mouth ulcer, and the probability of such an event is minimal.

Tips

There are three ways to spread hepatitis B virus.

The main route to spread hepatitis B virus is blood. Medical research has proved that hepatitis B virus is transmitted through three channels: Blood, maternal and child, and sexual contact.

First, spread by blood. The spread of menstrual blood mainly includes blood and blood products, medical devices without strict disinfection, and syringes.

Second, Maternal and Child transmission. About 30% to 50% of people infected with chronic hepatitis B virus are obtained through maternal-child transmission.

Third, sexual transmission. Hepatitis B virus can be detected in the semen or the vaginal secretions of the Web poser. During close sexual contact, these body fluids may cause infection through the damaged mucosa.

Based on the principles of early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of diseases, patients with hepatitis B should actively cooperate with the treatment, and continue to learn and work after the symptoms disappear and the transaminase recovers to normal.

In addition, hepatitis A and hepatitis E virus are mainly transmitted through the gastrointestinal tract. You need to keep the disease from the mouth. Pay attention to the health of diet and drinking water, do not drink raw water, meat, seafood, etc. should be cooked and burned thoroughly before eating, it can effectively prevent hepatitis A and hepatitis E virus infection.