Application of Network Routing Protocol in wireless sensors

With the advent of the Internet era, network routing protocols are also widely used. Here we mainly analyze the architecture of the wireless sensor network routing protocol for your reference. With the development of sensor technology, embedded technology, distributed information processing technology and wireless communication technology, a wireless sensor network (WSN) composed of a large number of micro-sensor nodes with micro-processing capabilities) it has gradually become a hot topic in academic research.

The US Business Weekly and MIT technology comments listed wireless sensor networks as one of the most influential technologies in the 21st century and one of the technologies that change the world in their reports on predicting future technological developments. Compared with Ad Hoc networks in traditional wireless communication networks, the self-organizing, dynamic, reliable, and data-centric features of WSN allow them to be applied to areas inaccessible to personnel, such as battlefields, desert. Therefore, we can conclude that wireless sensor networks in the future will have a broader prospect.

Architecture of wireless sensor network routing protocol

Wireless Sensor Network Architecture sensor networks usually include sensor nodes, aggregation nodes, and management nodes. Sensor nodes are randomly distributed in a monitoring area. nodes form a network in the form of self-organization, and the monitoring data is transmitted to the aggregation node through multi-hop relay, finally, the monitoring information is transmitted to the management node through the Internet or other network communication methods. Similarly, you can publish commands on management nodes to inform sensor nodes to collect monitoring information.

The sensor module is responsible for collecting and transforming information in the monitoring area. The information processing module is responsible for managing the entire sensor node, storing and processing the data collected by itself or the data sent by other nodes, the wireless communication module communicates with other sensor nodes, and the energy supply module supplies energy for the operation of the entire sensor network. The energy supply of sensor nodes is battery, and the node energy is limited. Consider extending the life cycle of the entire sensor network as much as possible. When designing sensor nodes, ensuring the continuity of energy supply is an important design principle. Sensor node energy consumption modules mainly include sensor modules, information processing modules, and wireless communication modules. The vast majority of energy consumption is concentrated in wireless communication modules, it accounts for about 80% of the energy consumption of the entire sensor node. Therefore, the proposed sensor node communication network routing protocol is designed to reduce energy consumption and prolong the network life cycle.

In a wireless sensor network, the network routing protocol is not only concerned with the energy consumption of a single node, but also the balanced energy consumption of the entire network, so as to prolong the entire network life. At the same time, wireless sensor networks are data-centric, which is the most prominent in network routing protocols. Each node does not need to adopt a unified network-wide addressing, you do not need to select a path based on the node's addressing. Instead, you need to create a forwarding path between the data source and the aggregation node based on the data you are interested in. At present, many types of sensor network routing protocols are proposed based on the above purpose.

Wireless Communication Network Routing Protocol

Compared with traditional wireless communication networks, traditional wireless communication networks focus on the quality of service (QoS) of wireless communication, while wireless sensor nodes are randomly distributed and battery powered, therefore, the current research focus of wireless sensor network routing protocols is on how to improve energy efficiency. The following are some popular wireless sensor network routing protocols:

Pan-Flood Network Routing Protocol

Flooding Protocol [2] is a traditional wireless communication network routing protocol. This network routing protocol requires that each node receives information from other nodes and sends it to other neighboring nodes in the form of broadcast. In this way, the information data is finally sent to the target node. However, this Protocol may easily lead to an "internal explosion" and "Overlap" of information, resulting in a waste of resources. Therefore, based on the flood protocol, the Gossiping protocol is proposed.

Gossiping Network Routing Protocol

Gossiping Protocol [6] was proposed based on the flood protocol. It transmits information by randomly selecting a neighbor node and the neighbor node that obtains the information randomly selecting the next node in the same way. This method avoids the energy consumption of information transmission in the form of broadcasting, but its cost is to prolong the information transmission time. Although the Gossiping protocol solves the internal explosion of information to a certain extent, there is still information overlap.

SPIN Network Routing Protocol

SPIN (Sensor Protocol for Information via Negotiation) Protocol [7] is a data-centric adaptive network routing Protocol. The purpose of the SPIN protocol is to solve the internal explosion and overlap between the Flooding protocol and the Gossiping protocol through the negotiation between nodes. SPIN network routing protocols have three types of messages: ADC, REQ, and DATA. ADC is used to broadcast data. When a node has data that can be shared, it can be used to broadcast data information. REQ is used to send DATA requests. When a node wants to accept DATA packets, it sends REQ packets.

DATA is the DATA packet collected by the sensor.

Before sending a DATA packet, a sensor node broadcasts the adv data packet to the outside. If a node wants to accept the DATA information to be sent, it will reply the req data packet to the node that sends the adv data packet, therefore, a connection is established between the sending node and the receiving node, and the sending node sends DATA packets to the receiving node.