Basic server knowledge analysis

In fact, there are many similarities between the hardware structure of the server system and the computer we normally use. The main hardware structure still includes the following main parts: central processor, memory, chipset, I/O bus, I/O device, power supply, chassis and related software. This has become a major indicator of our attention when purchasing a server.

The whole server system is like a person, the processor is the brain of the server, and various buses are like nerves distributed in the muscles of the whole body, and the chipset is like a spinal cord, the I/O device is like the hand, eyes, ears, and mouth of a person controlled by a nervous system, and the power supply system is like a blood circulation system, it delivers energy to all parts of the body.

For a server, the performance design goal of the server is to balance the performance of each part and optimize the performance of the entire system. If a server can process 1000 service requests per second, but the NIC can only accept 200 requests, and the hard disk can only handle 150 requests, if the load capacity of various bus can only bear 100 requests, the server can only process 100 requests/second, and the computing capacity of more than 80% processors is wasted.

Therefore, the ultimate goal of designing a good server is to balance the performance of all aspects so that all parts can work properly and make full use of their capabilities. We can measure from these aspects whether the server has achieved its design goal; R: Reliability -- Reliability; A: Availability -- Availability; S: Scalability -- Scalability; U: Usability -- Usability; m: Manageability-Manageability, that is, the server's RASUM metric.

Because servers provide services in the network, the quality of this service is very important for undertaking a network computing environment for a variety of applications. The computer hardware responsible for this service must be able to ensure the quality of service. This service must first have a certain capacity to respond to a reasonable number of server requests per unit time. At the same time, this service must respond to a single service request as quickly as possible, in addition, this service must always exist within the required time range.

If a WEB server can only process one home page request in one minute, other requests must be queued up, and this request must be processed in three minutes, at the same time, this WEB server can be accessed one hour ago, but cannot be connected one hour later. This WEB server is unimaginable in the current Internet computing environment.

The current WEB server must be able to process thousands of accesses at the same time, and the response time for each access is short, and the WEB server cannot be stopped. Otherwise, the WEB server will cause the loss of access users.

To meet the above requirements, server hardware must have the following features: performance, enabling the server to process a considerable number of server requests per unit time and ensure the response time of each service; reliability, this allows the server to be able to run without downtime. scalability enables the server to continuously improve performance as the number of users increases. Therefore, we cannot use an ordinary PC as a server, because the PC is far from meeting the above requirements. In this way, the concept of servers is that servers must be able to undertake services and ensure service quality. This is also the main difference between low-price servers and PCs.

In information systems, servers are mainly used for databases and Web services, while PCs are mainly used for desktop computing and network terminals, the difference in the fundamental starting point of the design determines that the server should have a more reliable continuous operation capability than the PC, more powerful storage and network communication capabilities, faster fault recovery capabilities and broader expansion. space, in addition, applications that are sensitive to data also require the server to provide the data backup function. PC is designed to focus more on the ease of use of human-machine interfaces, image and 3D processing capabilities, and other multimedia performance.

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