Be playful in bash

Document directory

• Event designators
• Word designators
• Modifiers

History expansionevent designators

An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in thehistory list.

!

Start a history substitution, when T when followed by Blank, Newline, carriage return, = or (when ExtglobShell option is enabled usingthe ShoptBuiltin ).

! N

Refer to command line N.

! - N

Refer to the current command line minus N.

!!

Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym '! -1 '.

! String

Refer to the most recent command starting String.

!? String [?]

Refer to the most recent command containing String. The Trailing ?May be omitted if StringIs followed immediately by a newline.

^ String1^ String2^

Quick substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing String1With String2. Equivalent ''!! : S/ String1/ String2/''(See ModifiersBelow ).

! #

The entire command line typed so far.

Word designators

Word designators are used to select desired words from the event.:Separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be omitted if the word designator begins with^,$,*,-, Or%. Words are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.

0 (zero)

The zeroth word. For the shell, This Is The commandword.

N

The NTh word.

^

The first argument. That is, word 1.

$

The last argument.

%

The word matched by the most recent '? String? 'Search.

X -Y

A range of words ;'- Y'Abbreviate' 0- Y'.

*

All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonymfor' 1-$'. It is not an error to use *If there is just oneword In the event; the empty string is returned in that case.

X *

Abbreviates X-$.

X-

Abbreviates X-$Like X *, But omits the last word.

If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, theprevious command is used as the event.

 

Modifiers

After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence ofone or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by ':'.

 

H

Remove a trailing file name component, leaving only the head.

T

Remove all leading file name components, leaving the tail.

R

Remove a trailing Suffix of the form . Xxx, Leaving thebasename.

E

Remove all but the trailing suffix.

P

Print the new command but do not execute it.

Q

Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.

X

Quote the substituted words as Q, But break into words BlanksAnd newlines.

S/ Old/ New/

Substitute NewFor the first occurrence OldIn the event line. Any delimiter can be used in place of/. thefinal Delimiter is optional if it is the last character of theevent line. The delimiter may be quoted in OldAnd NewWith a single backslash. If & appears in New, It is replaced Old. A single backslash will quote the &. If OldIs null, it is set to the last OldSubstituted, or, if no previous history substitutions took place, the last StringIn !? String [?]Search.

&

Repeat the previous substitution.

G

Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This isused in conjunction' : S'(E.g .,' : GS/ Old/ New/') Or' :&'. If used' : S', Any delimiter can be usedin place of/, and the final Delimiter is optionalif it is the last character of the event line. AMay be used as a synonym G.

G

Apply the following' S'Modifier once to each word in the event line.