Common router faults

There are two types of router faults: Hard faults and soft faults. There are no strict standards for the classification method here, just for convenience. In practice, we should analyze specific problems.
Hard fault
We classify the faulty router components into this category. Common hardware faults are usually manifested in hardware. There are usually the following types:
The system cannot be properly powered on
When the power switch of the router is turned on, the Power Light on the router's front panel is not on, and the fan is not turned on. Check the power supply system. Check whether the power outlet has power and whether the voltage is within the specified range. If the power supply is normal, check whether the power cord is in good condition and whether the contact is reliable. You can change the power cord if necessary. If not, you can determine that the problem lies in the power supply of the router. Check whether the router Power Supply insurance is in good condition. If yes, replace it. If not, you have to deliver the repair.
Component damage
This type of situation is a common type of hardware failure. The components here are usually interface cards. When a faulty part is inserted into a vro, other parts of the system work normally, but the faulty part cannot be correctly identified. This is often because the part itself has a problem. Another case is that the parts can be correctly identified, but the configuration is correct after the configuration is completed.) The interface cannot work normally because of physical faults. To confirm the above two cases, it is best to replace the suspected problematic parts with good parts of the same model to check whether the problem exists.
System software damage
This kind of fault seems to be classified as a software fault, but because it is often a problem of the router itself and is closely related to the hardware, we may wish to classify it as this. Take a cisco router as an example. If the router always enters the rmon status after it is started, it usually indicates that the system software IOS has a problem.
Others
We need to mention the following situations. Sometimes, when upgrading the system software, we find that the system cannot be upgraded in any way, check whether the software you want to upgrade exceeds the NVRAM capacity of your router. If the capacity exceeds the limit, you cannot upgrade it anyway. In this case, you should first expand the NVRAM capacity and then upgrade the system software. This issue is easy to ignore.
Soft Fault
Function cannot be implemented
In some cases, you need to make some specific configurations, such as NAT). You check and confirm that the configuration is correct, but the corresponding functions cannot be implemented, in this case, do not worry about device problems. First, you 'd better find the system software version number and related instructions to see if the software you are using supports this function. Because the system software of a router often has many versions, each version supports different functions. If your current software version does not support this function, you should find the corresponding software and upgrade it first.
Network planning problems
In some cases, there seems to be no problem with your configuration, but the vro cannot work normally, or your work is unstable, which may lead to some inexplicable problems. In this case, you may not have to worry about repeated debugging. Let's look back at your network plan and see if there is a problem above. For example, if there are repeated network segments and whether the calculation of the network mask is correct, the problem is often solved.
Configuration problems
This is the most common problem, that is, your configuration does have problems. For example, the router parameters at both ends of the line do not match or the parameters are incorrect. In this case, you only need to carefully search for the router parameters and solve the problem.