HTML element Overflow problem

I am a beginner of the basic knowledge of HTML, let me feel the love of Blog park!

The following question is based on my understanding of the current level of HTML encountered an element overflow problem, hoping to get the advice of the veteran.

The problem is as follows:

Hopefully there are many different solutions to the problem, and the page layout suggestions (hope to have dry goods).

Question 2: Novice Road, many enterprise-level front-end problems flooded the brain, all is the question mark, the experience is accumulated in the work and precipitated out, in my step into the front of the ranks of the hope that there are experts can recommend some of the more commonly used in the enterprise framework and learning methods.

HTML element Overflow problem