Homework Exercise: 1

1, describe the composition and function of the computer

The computer is composed of an operator, a controller, a memory, an input, an output device

Operators: The main functions of the various operations of the data in addition to the conventional add, subtract, multiply, except the basic operation also includes the ability to "logical judgment"

Controller: In fact, it is a computer control center to ensure that the computer defined by the target steps to handle the operation

Memory: Store program and data information, automatically complete the program, the data storage during the computer running

Input device: Data and programs entered on the computer such as: keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc.

Output devices: Data and programs that are output on the computer, such as: displays, printers, etc.

2, according to the series of Linux distribution, and describe the different distribution between the connection and differences;

(1) Slackware:

SUSE: Linux systems developed based on Slackware two, for commercial desktops, servers

SLES: Enterprise Server operating system can be compatible with Microsoft operating system Linux System

OpenSUSE: Developed by SuSE, primarily for desktop environments, with good performance

(2) Debian:

Ubuntu: Open source Linux systems based on Dedian are primarily for desktops and servers

Mint: Linux distributions based on Debian and Ubuntu, the desktop system is a more user-friendly, efficient, and well-functioning experience for individual users

(3) RedHat:

Centos: The Enterprise Linux distribution based on the source code provided by Redhat, which releases a new version every 18 months

Contact: All using the Linux kernel: all need to follow the GNU GPL agreement

Difference: In integrating different versions of the kernel, libraries, composition of programs and different package managers, etc.

3. Describe the philosophical thought of Linux

Everything is a file.

Many of the single small programs that make up a program do one thing

To avoid confusing user interfaces,

Configuration data is stored in text

4 description of the use format of commands on Linux systems; Ifconfig, Echo, TTY, STARTX, export, pwd, history, shutdown, Poweroff, reboot, Hwclock, date commands In conjunction with the corresponding display column elaboration

Ifconfig: Displaying network information

-A: Show available network cards

-S: Display summary information

Eth0 up: Turn on the network card

Eth0 down: Switch off the NIC

Ifconfig eth0 172.16.31.222 Mask 255.255.255.0: Adding IP information

Eth0 del: Removing IP information

Echo: Echoing command

TTY: View the user's terminal

STARTX: Start x Windows, the program that actually starts Windows is Xinit

Launch the Gnome interface

Export: Used to set or display environment variables

PWD: Displays the location of your directory

History: Show Historical Commands

-C: Delete history

-D: Specify delete history command

-W: Saves the current history to the command log file

Shutdown: Shutdown command

-C: Cancel the previous setting shutdown time

-H Now: Shut down immediately

-H +m: Shutdown after a few minutes

Poweroff: Power off

Reboot: Restart

Hwclock: Querying, setting hardware clocks

-r: Display hardware clock and date

-S: Consistent with hardware clock

-W: Consistent with system time

Date: Display time

-S: Set the specified time

-U: Output, set UTC time

5, how to get the help of command on Linux system, please list, and describe how the chapters of the man document are divided

Built-in command: # Help

# Man Bash

External command: (1) #-help or-H

(2) Brief Manual of the order

# Mans

(3) View the information page of the function, working mode and characteristics of the command

# info

(4) Help group documentation for the program itself

Readme

INSTALL

ChangeLog

(5) Official program document

Official site: Documentation

(6) Official documents of the release version

(7) Goole

Man Chapter:

1. User commands

2. System call

3. C Library Call

4. Equipment files and special documents

5. Configuration file format

6. Games

7. Miscellaneous

8, the Management class command

9. Linux Kernel API

6, please list the Linux distribution base directory name and function provisions

/bin: Provides basic commands for all users

/boot: Boot file storage directory

/dev: Device files and special file storage locations

/etc: Configuration file

Home directory for normal users

/lib: Basic shared library files and kernel module files that the program relies on at startup

/LIB64: Auxiliary shared library file for x86_64 system

/media: Portable mobile device mount point

/MNT: Temporary file system mount point

/OPT: Where to install third-party applications

/proc:

/root: Administrator's home directory

/tmp: Temporary file storage

/var: variable data file path

/usr: Shared files

Homework Exercise: 1