Ipv6 protocol learning-Overview and address

Ipv6 protocol learning ---- overview and address 1. ipv6 features: solves the problem of few ipv4 addresses, improves the overall throughput of the network, improves service quality, ensures better security, and supports plug-and-play, supports mobility to better implement the multicast function. ipv6 uses a 128-bit address length. It can provide address ipv6 with almost no restrictions, and uses internal functions to provide data protection using IP Security. Ipv6 provides a security extension header. Configuration: the access control list (ACL) is used to control IPV6 traffic status filtering or the firewall sets unicast reverse path forwarding authentication, authorization and billing 2. IPV6 address format: ipv6 addresses are represented in hexadecimal notation. An ipv6 address consists of eight address segments. Each segment contains 16 address bits and is written in 4 hexadecimal notation. The segments and segments are separated by colons. Example: [cpp] FEDC: BA98: 8765: 2342: FEDC: BA98: 8765: 2342 X: in X, "X is a hexadecimal value, which corresponds to eight 16-bit CIDR blocks in the 128-bit address respectively." When a hybrid environment with IPV4 and IPV6 nodes is processed, another form of IPV6 address can be used: X: A. B .C.D For example: [cpp] 0: 0: 0: 0: 0: 0: 0: 10.0.0.1 uses a text IPV6 address in a URL. The text address should be closed with symbols "[" and "]", for example, [cpp] http: // [FEDC: BA98: 7654: 3210: FEDC: BA98: 7654: 3210. ":" Indicates that all fields 0 are ignored. The process keeps adding 0, and the address is 128 bits. ":" Can appear only once in an address. It can be used to compress the leading, ending, or adjacent 16-bit zeros in an address. For example: [cpp] fec0: 1: 0: 0: 0: 0: 0: 1234 can be converted to: fec0: 1: 1234 compression indicates ipv6 address: 1. Remove unnecessary 0 example: [cpp] 2001: 0410: 0000: 0001: 0000: 0000: 0000: 45ff after compression: [cpp] 2001: 410: 0: 1: 0: 0: 0: 45ff 2 ,:: indicates multiple consecutive zeros. After the preceding example is modified: [cpp] 2001: 410: 0: 1: 45ff 3. Common ipv6 addresses and their prefixes:/128 are 0: 0: 0: 0: 0: 0: 0: 0. It can only serve as the source address of the host that has not yet obtained the official address. It cannot be used as the destination address and cannot be allocated to the real network interface :: 1/128 means 0: 0: 0: 0: 0: 0: 0: 1. the loopback address is equivalent to the ipv4 localhost (127.0.0.1) 2001:/16 Global aggregated address, IANA is the most common ipv6 address allocated by region and ISP. It belongs to the unicast address 2002:/16 6 to 4. It is used for 6to4 to automatically construct the tunnel technology address, it belongs to the ipv6 6bone lab network address that started earlier than 3ffe:/16, and belongs to the unicast address fe80:/10 local link address. It is used for single link, use, and automatic configuration, when a neighboring machine finds that the router does not forward an ipv4 ing address from the address ff00:/8 multicast address: A. B .C.D and the ipv6 address: FFFF: A. B .C.D