Network Fundamentals: NetBIOS

Network Foundation Small complement.

Use NetBIOS names to communicate with other computers

Computers in the network must know the IP address before they can communicate with each other. But for people, IP is difficult to remember, NetBIOS computer name is more easily remembered. When a computer communicates with another computer by using the NetBIOS name, it must first locate the IP address through the NetBIOS name and then communicate over the IP address. An operation that identifies an IP address by NetBIOS name is known as NetBIOS name resolution (NetBIOS named resolution).

What is the NetBIOS name?
The NetBIOS name is a string of 16 characters in length. Where NetBIOS names are used in MS Networks are: computer name, domain name, workgroup name.

name Example

NetBIOS Computer Name: Nick-os
DNS Host Name: nick-os.mydomain.net

Computer Full Name: Add no domain
When not added: Nick-os
After domain join: nick-os.mydomain.net

The full domain name (Fully qualified domain name, FQDN), or DNS name.
Nick-os.mydomain.net
(There is no "full domain name" and "DNS name" When you are not joined to a domain)

How to view the NetBIOS name of the current machine registration:

Nbtstat-n

Resolving IP addresses by NetBIOS name

There are three main ways:

1. View NetBIOS Name buffers

We can also view the current NetBIOS name buffers by command:

Nbtstat-c

2. Search the IP address of each other by means of broadcasting (avoid using this method as much as possible)

3. Querying directly to the WINS server

NetBIOS node type

The above three methods can be resolved to the IP address, but in what way?
This depends on the NetBIOS node type (NODE-TYPE) that the computer uses:
B-node: Broadcast mode
P-node: Querying directly to a WINS server
M-node:b mixed with P (mixed), broadcast first, if failed, then query to WINS server
H-node: is also a mix of B and P (Hybird), but first queries to the WINS server, if it fails, then broadcasts

To view the NetBIOS node type:

Ipconfig/all

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The full order of NetBIOS name resolution for the WINS client with H-node is:
1. Check that the computer name you want to query is not your own computer name.
2. Check the NetBIOS name buffer.
3. Query to the WINS server.
4. Issue a broadcast message.
5. Check the Lmhosts file.
6. Check the Hosts file or query to the DNS server.
The Lmhosts file and the hosts file are stored in the "%systemroot%\system32\drivers\etc" directory.

Network Fundamentals: NetBIOS