Quick learn vro parameter settings

Most users may not understand the router parameter settings, so I have studied the basic introduction and some configuration methods of the router parameter settings. I will share them with you here, I hope it will be useful to you. The types of interfaces supported by vro reflect the versatility of vro parameter settings.

Common interfaces include: common serial interfaces are converted to RS232 DTE/DCE interfaces, V.35 DTE/DCE interfaces, X.21 DTE/DCE interfaces, RS449 DTE/DCE interfaces, and EIA530 DTE interfaces through cables) 10 M Ethernet interface, Fast Ethernet interface, 10/100 adaptive Ethernet interface, Gigabit Ethernet interface, ATM interface 2 M, 25 M, 155 M, 633M, etc), POS interfaces 155 M, 622M, etc.), card ring interfaces, FDDI interfaces, E1/T1 interfaces, E3/T3 interfaces, and ISDN interfaces.

Number of available user Slots

This indicator refers to the number of slots that can be used by users except CPU board, clock Board, and other necessary system board and/or dedicated slot of system board in a modular router. The maximum number of ports supported by the vro is calculated based on this indicator and the port density of the user board.

CPU

CPU is an important part of vro parameter settings, both in the Middle-end vro and in the high-end vro. In low-end and Middle-end routers, the CPU is responsible for exchanging route information, querying route tables, and forwarding data packets. In the preceding vro, the CPU capability directly affects the router's throughput route table query time) and the route computing capability affects the network route convergence time ). In high-end routers, packet forwarding and look-up are usually completed by the ASIC chip, and the CPU only implements the routing protocol, computing routes, and distribution route tables. Due to the development of technology, many work in routers can be implemented by hardware dedicated chips ). The CPU performance does not fully reflect the router performance. The performance of a vro。 is determined by indicators such as the throughput, latency, and route computing capability of the vro.
　
Memory

A vro may contain multiple types of memory, such as Flash and DRAM. The memory is used for storage configuration, router operating system, and routing protocol software. In the middle and low-end routers, the route table may be stored in the memory. Generally, the larger the vro memory, the better, the lower the price ). However, similar to CPU capabilities, the memory does not directly reflect the performance and capabilities of the router. Because efficient algorithms and excellent software may greatly save memory.

Port Density

This indicator reflects the integration of vro production. Because the vro volume is different, this indicator should be equivalent to the number of ports per inch in the rack. However, for the sake of intuition and convenience, the maximum number of ports supported by the router can be used.

Route information protocol (RIP)

RIP is a distance vector-based routing protocol, which usually uses the number of hops as the Metering Standard. RIP is an internal gateway protocol. Due to its simple implementation, RIP is the most widely used routing protocol. This Protocol is slow to converge and is generally used in small-sized networks. The RIP Protocol is defined in RFC 1058.

Policy Routing Mode

In addition to using the destination address as the route selection basis, you can also select a path for the data packet based on the TOS field, source, and destination port number high-level application protocol. Policy routing can implement traffic engineering to a certain extent, so that different service quality streams, data voices of different types, and FTP can go through different paths.

Port throughput

Port throughput refers to the port packet forwarding capability, which is usually measured by pps: Packets per second. It is the packet forwarding capability of a vro parameter set on a port. Generally, two interfaces with the same rate are used for testing. However, the test interface may be related to the interface location and relationship. For example, the throughput tested between ports on the same plug-in card may be different from the throughput value between ports on different plug-in cards.

Route table capability

A Router usually depends on the route table created and maintained to determine how to forward data. The route table capability refers to the maximum number of route table entries in a route table. Because the number of routers that execute the BGP protocol on the Internet usually has hundreds of thousands of Route entries, this project is also an important embodiment of the router capability.

Backplane capability

The backplane capability is the internal implementation of the router. The backplane capability can be reflected in the router throughput: The backplane capability is generally greater than the value calculated based on the throughput and test package location. However, the backplane capability can only be reflected in the design and cannot be tested.

QoS classification method

Information on which a router can differentiate QoS. The simplest QoS classification can be based on ports. Likewise, a router can distinguish packet priority based on the link layer priority 802.1Q), the upper layer content TOS field, source address, Destination Address, source port, destination port, and other information.

Supported group speech

In enterprises, the packet speech bearer capability is very important in vro parameter settings. Between the remote office and the headquarters, vro parameter settings that support group speech can integrate telephone communication and data communication, effectively saving long-distance calls. In the current technical environment, group speech can be divided into three types: Using IP to carry group speech, using ATM to carry speech, and using frame relay to carry speech. When using ATM to carry voice, there are two types: AAL1 and AAL. AAL1 is circuit simulation. The technology is very mature, but the relative cost is high. The AAL technology is advanced, but the current ATM interface is usually not supported. Frame Relay speech is also relatively mature and relatively cost-effective. Currently, IP-bearer speech is popular. The above technology has the lowest cost, but it is difficult to ensure the QoS of the current IP network and ensure the quality of calls.

Speech compression capability

Voice compression is one of the key to saving costs for IP phones. G.723 and G.729 are usually used. G.723 is recommended in the ITU-T G.723.1 (1996), which is specified in the 5.3 and 6.3Kbps dual-rate voice encoder for multimedia communication transmission. Relatively high compression, large compression latency. G.729 is specified in the ITU-T recommendation G.729 (1996), 8 kbps co-structured representative digital incentive Linear Prediction (CS-ACELP) Speech Encoding. Low compression ratio and good call quality.

Support for signaling in vro parameter settings

In router parameter settings, E1 port may support multiple types of signaling: ISUP, TUP, China 1 signaling, and dss1. Vrouters that support ISUP, TUP, or DSS1 signaling can effectively reduce the connection time. Generally, carrier-level IP phone network devices require support for signaling 7. However, as a low-end router, only DSS1 and China 1 signaling are supported.