Sugars in U2.4 cells

Outline:

1. Vocabulary

1. Vocabulary

Carbohydrate[kɑ?b? ' HA?DRE?T]

An essential structural component of living cells and source of the energy for animals; Includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; is classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain

Saccharide carbohydrate [' sæk?ra?d]

N any sugar or other carbohydrate, esp a simple sugar

Monosaccharide monosaccharides [M?n? (?) ' SÆK?RA?D]

A sugar (like sucrose or fructose) the does not hydrolyse to give the other sugars; The simplest group of carbohydrates

hydrolyse[' Haidr?laiz] Hydrolysis

undergo hydrolysis; Decompose by reacting with water

polysaccharide polysaccharide

Any of a class of carbohydrates whose molecules contain chains of monosaccharide molecules

Disaccharide[da? ' SÆK?RA?D] Two sugars

Any of the variety of carbohydrates that yield the monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis

Glycogen [' Gla?k?d? (?) N] Glycogen

One form in which body fuel is stored; Stored primarily in the liver and broken to glucose when needed by the body

N a polysaccharide consisting of glucose units:the form in which carbohydrate are stored in the liver and muscles in mans a nd animals. It can easily is hydrolysed to glucose glycogen (Also called animal starch)

Starch starch

Glucose glucose

2. function

2.1 Energy substances

2.2 Form the cell structure.

3. Composition

The sugars are made up of three elements of C,h,o.

The H atom and the O atom ratio in most sugars are 2:1, similar to water molecules, because carbohydrates are also called carbohydrates.

4. Classification

Monosaccharides, two sugars, polysaccharides

Monosaccharides monosaccharide:

including glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose

4.1 Glucose (c_6_h_12_o_6):

The fuel of life, the main energy substance of cell life activity. Cannot be hydrolyzed and can be absorbed directly by cells.

two sugars (c_12_h_22_o_11):

Sucrose, brown sugar, sugar, maltose, lactose

There are two molecules of monosaccharide dehydration condensation, two sugars must be hydrolyzed to be absorbed by the cells.

polysaccharide polysaccharide

Molecular formula (C6H10O5) n

Starch, glycogen, cellulose

Most sugars in the organism are in the form of polysaccharides.

Starch

Is the most common polysaccharide. Green plants produce starch through photosynthesis, as energy reserves in the body, and are present in cells.

Food crops (maize, wheat, rice seeds) and plant metamorphosis of the stems and roots as well as the fruits of some plants (potatoes, yams, sweet potatoes). Starch must be digested and decomposed into glucose to be absorbed by cells.

Glycogen

The starch in food is hydrolyzed into glucose, which becomes the raw material of synthetic animal polypeptide---glycogen in human and animal.

Glycogen is distributed in the liver and muscles of humans and animals, and is the energy storage material of human and animal cells.

Cellulose

Glucose is connected, insoluble in water, people and animals in the body is difficult to digest, even if herbivores have developed digestive organs, perhaps with the help of some microorganisms to decompose such polysaccharides.

Sugars in U2.4 cells