The second section of "How we decide" in the field of the four division of Foreign language translation

Introduction to the book translation

The first section of this chapter

"How decisions are made", one of the most mysterious questions about consciousness. Although we are always making decisions, we do not feel a series of related processes within the brain. In the NFL Scouts ' scoring table, the decision-making force is classified as "unpredictable", although the ability is so important.

The process of non-transparent consciousness has caused a pile of theories. The more popular theories portray the process of making decisions as a war of rationality and Sensibility, and rationality is often the triumph of the party. From this theory, it is the rationality of this genius that separates us from other animals. When making decisions, we can ignore our feelings and think carefully about the issues. To deduce from this theory, a good four-cent guardian should have a very good rational analytical ability.

Platonic was the first man of this theory, who described consciousness as a carriage. Part of the brain rational is the coachman, who, with his reins and whips, decides what route to take. The horse that pulls the car is two, one of which is tame and can act in full accordance with the will of the coachman. And the other is stubborn, difficult to tame, it symbolizes the reverse, destructive consciousness. The coachman's responsibility is to prevent the stubborn horse from running, and to ensure that the two horses run in the same direction. Through this metaphor, platonic divides consciousness into two separate parts. The soul is always in conflict, to make choices in reason and Sensibility. Platonic that we should listen to rational ideas and think that if we do this, we will create a very good world.

The separation of consciousness is one of the most influential theories in Platonic, which plays a great role in the development of Western culture. On the one hand, human beings as animals, the individual is abundant with a variety of instinctive desires. On the other hand, because of the power of reason, human beings can think and look forward. Descartes, the most influential philosopher in the Enlightenment, agrees with this view. He divides our individual into two separate parts: a divine, good-thinking soul, a body filled with mechanical impulses. Descartes wanted to purify people's cognitive way, his influential book "Discourse on the method for properly conducting Reason and searching for Truth", he tried to provide a completely out of sensibility, finish The pure way of thinking that uses reason completely.

Descartes ' belief in rationality is actually the cornerstone of many modern philosophies. Rationality, like a scalpel, dissected the imagery into many useful parts. But the sensibility is compared to appear coarse and primitive. Many thinkers try to bring this theory to practical use. Francis Bacon and Auguste Comte hope to build society in a "rational science" way. Thomas Jefferson wants Americans to prove that people can be managed by reason, and only by reason. During the French Revolution, many revolutionary fanatics transformed the cathedral into a temple of Reason in Paris.

The 20th century version of the Platonic metaphor was raised by Sigmund Freud. Freud describes the human brain as composed of a series of conflicting parts, in the center of Consciousness, the code ID, is natural, without further processing of the desire of the factory. On top of that, code ego is the ability to provide organizations with self-awareness and rational thinking. The product of the processing ID is the ego's duty to convert the beast's desires into socially acceptable acts or ideas. "We can see the relationship between ego and ID as horse and coachman, horse offers something to move, and the coachman has the privilege of directing his mighty horses." "He believes that we need to strengthen ego's ability, and the way to exercise ego is to control the impulse of various IDs." All along, he treated them by inducing their mentally ill to re-suppress their sensual ways. He believes that all mental uncontrolled, from hysteria to narcissism, comes from emotional inability to suppress self-restraint.

Now, Platonic's hypothesis is not scientifically reliable. The discussion of ID and ego is replaced by scientific observation of activities in specific areas of the brain.

In the theoretical evolution of modern science to the workings of the brain, a new hypothesis arises: consciousness is like a computer, and from a cognitive philosophy standpoint, each of us is a series of software that runs on three pounds of neural hardware. Such a hypothesis, although it brings a scientific breakthrough in artificial intelligence, but it still has a lot of misleading. Ai cannot really mimic sensibility, and many AI scholars explain it from the perspective of Platonic hypothesis: it is by reason control sensibility, reason has the greatest priority.

Platonic, the theory of AI theorists seems to have an inevitable result: if we can abandon the sensibility, we can become better. Platonic imagined the ideal nation to decide everything by reason. Such an ideal country has long been the yearning of many philosophers.

All of these theories are based on a false foundation, and all along, people have been belittling the sensibility and blaming it for all the mistakes. However, the fact is very interesting, if we do not have the sensibility, the rationality also does not exist.

The third section is to be continued.

The second section of "How we decide" in the field of the four division of Foreign language translation