Wi-Fi can be used for wireless voice return

Since operators are facing a near-crazy demand for mobile data, there are at least four different areas where data congestion can occur, including:

• Wireless access network;

• Network signaling and Control section;

• cluster core network;

• Return network.

Each bottleneck is a special challenge for operators, which can be solved in one of the following three ways:

1. Increase the capacity of the affected network resources;

2. Streaming network resources to alleviate congestion;

3. Both approaches are taken at the same time.

It is widely believed that the transition to a smaller cellular network to expand the existing macro network is a potential "panacea", can solve the problem of wireless access network congestion. But at the same time, this will lead to a new problem, that is--back. This has become one of the most hotly debated topics in the telecommunications industry.

Mobile operators are planning to build their LTE network into a macro-cellular network and micro-honeycomb, tiny honeycomb composition of the "bottom" network combination. In order to achieve the capacity density required for fast-growing mobile internet bandwidth requirements, the number of these small cellular networks in some specific areas is much larger than the number of current ones. This bodes well for a new and very important return challenge, since the installation locations of these small cellular nodes, such as electric poles or other street-side assets, are rarely suitable for fiber or microwave solutions.

The concept of LTE self-return or mesh technology is a possible solution, but, given the early Meshwi-fi network's attempt to provide access and mesh functionality within the same frequency bands, the return flow of this method quickly consumes the scarce accessible spectrum of LTE, and is expensive. Choosing to use the 5ghz802.11n point-to-point solution is an attractive alternative because it easily delivers more than 100Mbps of return capacity required for LTE cellular networks.

Become smaller

Small cellular networks are low-power, multiple RF access points (cellular/wi-fi/return), which expands the indoor and outdoor coverage to increase network capacity and divert traffic-at peak hours, the maximum can be diverted 80% of business traffic. Although small cellular networks are beneficial to the 3G services now deployed, the importance of small cellular networks will increase only when the entire industry, especially the urban environment, develops towards a higher capacity 4g/lte network. According to In-stat's latest report, "Femtocellsandsmallcells:makingthemostofmegahertz," the shipments of small cellular devices will reach $14 billion trillion in 2015.

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The problem is that as network operators continue to increase their coverage and capacity and expect streaming data to ease the flow pressure, they also increase the pressure on their own cellular site to return connections. In a world of small cellular networks, traditional point-to-point microwave, copper and fiber-optic return schemes quickly become impractical or prohibitively expensive.

Although the cost of point-to-point microwave equipment has been reduced in recent years, it still requires and transmits the line-of-sight transmission between the centers in general, a condition that many small cellular sites are unable to meet. The Sub-6ghz non-line-of-sight solution employs a point-to-point architecture that is more suitable for dense underlying networks, but when using a licensed spectrum, narrowband channels severely limit the return capacity, and most sub-6ghz bands are expensive and often do not have spectrum permissions.

Another option is fiber optics, which is clearly the preferred option for mobile operators (if feasible). However, it is not practical to pull fiber cables to every small cellular site because it is too expensive, fragmented, and time-consuming. Thus, the traditional solution of cellular return must be reconsidered in the context of the current transition to a smaller cellular network.

Requirements: A new return scheme

To meet the feasibility of the deployment of small cellular base stations, the new return scheme needs to be very suitable for intensive urban environments and for the connection of near-earth equipment (including line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight transmission).

Unlike most solutions, the free wireless band's intelligent Wi-Fi network has become an effective and economical return solution, a solution that can solve the problem of returning small cellular network traffic in authorized wireless bands and plays a vital role. Yes, is to return the cellular network traffic! The specific reasons are as follows.

Suppose a mobile operator deploys an increased deployment of a small cellular wireless network to increase the access capacity of higher-density areas of mobile data users, perhaps in urban centres such as Beijing, Shanghai or Hong Kong.

Now, this small cellular network is typically made up of low-power 3G and/or Wi-Fi nodes, or it may also be made up of LTE RF nodes in the future. However, regardless of the type of access to RF technology, how does the operator receive the data from the Access Radio node to the network?

One obvious high-performance solution is the optical fiber, assuming that the solution is feasible. Operators may want to lease optical fibres from ftns operators, which can drive up operating costs, but perhaps more importantly, mobile operators may have no fiber pops at all where they need to place a small cellular network.

The reality is that only small cellular networks are placed very close to users who require network access to increase network capacity. Therefore, the selection of small cellular web sites has become a decisive factor in the effectiveness of the deployment of small cellular networks.

However, this poses a very real problem, that is, operators to place small cellular network site is limited. Because it is not possible that all stations have fiber POPs. At the same time, configuring new fiber for each small cellular site can also result in increased costs and time delays. In this view, another alternative is clearly necessary.

Microwave Wireless Link nature is a good understanding of the alternative technology, it can at least be used to partially solve this problem. However, although the microwave Point-to-Point (PtP) Link has high-performance, reliable data and voice traffic return load capacity, but it still has some problems.

The first and foremost problem is that point-to-point microwave programs usually rely on authorized frequencies for transmission, which can improve reliability, but on the other hand, the acquisition of new authorized spectrum requires very strong financial strength. At the same time, RF capacity is directly related to how much spectrum is used in wireless transmission, which means that deploying more capacity on the wireless access side will not only increase the cost, but also increase the shortage of the spectrum of the return wireless network. In addition, point-to-point wireless links require highly skilled installation skills to align or align the wireless node devices at both ends. This can quickly become a tricky problem in crowded urban areas or near the ground.