Basic Computer knowledge

Basic Computer Knowledge

01.01_ Computer Basics (Computer overview) (Learn)

• A: What is a computer? Examples of computer applications in life
• • Computer (computer) Full name: Electronic computer, commonly known as computers.
  • It is a modern intelligent electronic device which can operate according to the program, automatically and high-speed processing massive data.
  • A computer consisting of hardware and software that does not have any software installed is called bare metal. Common forms are desktop computers, laptops, mainframe computers, and so on.
  • Application Examples
    • 1: Scientific calculation
    • 2. Data processing
    • 3. Automatic control
    • 4. Computer Aided design
    • 5. Artificial Intelligence
    • 6. Multimedia applications
    • 7. Computer network
    • ...

• B: What is hardware? Examples of hardware

  • Computer hardware (computer Hardware) refers to a computer system consisting of electronic, mechanical and optoelectronic components, such as a variety of physical devices collectively. These physical devices constitute an organic whole to provide the material basis for the computer software operation according to the requirements of the system structure.
  • Von. Neumann architecture

  • The hardware of the computer is divided into 5 components: an operator, a controller, a memory, an input device, and an output device.

    • memory is a memory part of a computer that is used to store programs and data involved in the program. It is divided into internal memory and external memory. The internal memory is used to store the program being executed and the data used, its cost is high, the capacity is small, but the speed is fast. External memory can be used for long-term preservation of a large number of programs and data, low cost, large capacity, but slower.
    • input devices and output devices are collectively referred to as external Peripherals or I/O devices for human-computer interaction and inter-machine communication. Microcomputers commonly used in the input device has a keyboard, mouse, etc., the output device has a display, printer and so on.
• C: What is software? Software classification and examples
  • Computer software (computer software) is an essential thing in the process of using a computer, and computer software can make the computer complete certain functions in a predetermined order.
  • Computer software is divided into system software and application software according to its function.
    • System software: DOS (Disk Operating system), Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac, Android, IOS
    • Application software: Office QQ chat YY language minesweeper

01.02_ Computer Basics (software development and Computer language Overview) (learn)

• A: What is software
  • A collection of computer data and instructions organized in a specific order
• B: What is development
  • The process of making software
• C: What is software development
  • Build software with development tools and computer language
• D: What is computer language
  • A special language for communicating information between people and computers
• E: Classification of computer languages
  • Machine language:
    • Machine language is a computer language that is expressed directly in binary code instruction, which is a string of code consisting of 0 and 1, they have a certain number of digits and are divided into segments, and the coding of each segment represents different meanings.
  • Assembly:
    • Assembly language is to use some special symbols to replace the machine language binary code, the computer can not directly identify, need to use a software to translate assembly language into machine languages.
  • Advanced Language:
    
    • The source code is written in plain English, and the source code is translated by the compiler into a machine language that is directly recognized by the computer and then executed by the computer.
    • High-level languages include C,c++,c#,java

01.03_ Computer Basics (man-machine Interaction) (understanding)

• a: Two ways of human-computer interaction
  • a: Command line mode
    • You need to have a console, enter specific instructions, and let the computer do some work. More trouble, need to record some commands.
  • b: Graphical interface mode

01.04_ Computer Basics (keyboard function keys and shortcut keys) (master)

• A: keyboard function keys
  • A: Tab
  • B: Shift
  • C : Ctrl
  • D : Alt
  • E: space
  • F: Enter
  • G: Window
  • H: up or down key
  • I: PrtSc (printscreen) screen
• B: Keyboard shortcuts
  • A: Ctrl + a Select all
  • B: Ctrl + C copy
  • C: Ctrl + V paste
  • D: ctrl+x cut
  • E: Ctrl + Z Undo
  • F: Ctrl+s Save

01.05_ Computer Basics (How to open the DOS console) (master)

• How do I open the DOS console under A:XP?
  • A: Start – Program – Attachments – command Prompt
  • B: Start – Run –cmd– carriage return
  • c:win+r–cmd– Enter
• B : How do I open the DOS console under Win7?
  • a: Start – All Programs – Accessories – Command Prompt
  • b: Start – Search for programs and files –cmd– enter
  • c:win+r–cmd– return
• How to open the DOS console under C:win8
  • A: Left mouse click Start – down arrow – command prompt
  • B: Right click Start – Search –cmd– Enter
  • C: Mouse Right click Start – Run –cmd– carriage return
  • d:win+r–cmd– Enter

01.06_ Computer Basics (Common DOS commands explained)

• A:D: Enter drive letter Toggle
• B:dir (directory): List files and folders in the current directory
• C:CD (change directory) changes the specified directory (enter the specified directory)
• D:CD. : Back to the top level directory
• E:CD: Go back to the root directory
• F:CLS: (Clear screen) clear
• G:exit: Exit DOS command line (need to master on split line, understanding below)
• /=========================================================
• MD (Make directory): Create directory
• RD (remove directory): Delete directory
• Del (delete): Delete files, delete a bunch of suffix names like files *.txt
• Notepad creating a file
• Delete a folder with content
  • RD +/S folder name (asking whether to delete)
  • RD +/q +/S folder name (delete directly)

From for notes (Wiz)

Basic Computer knowledge