Computer Composition and function

Computer Composition and function

2. Computer equipment composition

   The computer components are mainly composed of 5 parts: The arithmetic device, the controller, the memory, the input device and the output device.

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3. Noun analysis

   CPU: Consists of an arithmetic device and a controller . The CPU can be divided into two main units, namely: arithmetic logic Unit and control order

   Yuan . The arithmetic logic unit is mainly responsible for the program operation and logic judgment, and the control unit is mainly coordinating the peripheral components not

   The work between units. Apart from this, the comparison of CPU efficiency with different micro-command assemblies leads to CPU productivity.

   There is a CPU frequency. Frequency is the number of times the CPU can work per second, the higher the frequency indicates that the CPU unit time can be

   To do more things. For example, Intel's Core2duo model E8400 has a CPU frequency of 3.0GHz, indicating that the CPU

   3.0x109 work can be done in a second.

   Memory : Addressing the storage device.

   IO: input, that is, interacting with external components, such as network cards.

   An operator: an arithmetic device Arithmetic logic Unit ( ALU ), Accumulator Device , Status Register , Universal Registers groups, and other components. Arithmetic logic Operation

   The basic functions of the Unit of calculation (ALU) can be added, minus, multiply, divide arithmetic, and, or, non-, XOR, etc.

   and the operation of shifting, seeking and repairing. when the computer is running, the operation and operation type of the operator is determined by the controller. At the arithmetic device

   the data from Memory The processed result data is usually sent back to the memory, or temporarily in the presence of an arithmetic device.

   together with the control unit CPU of the Core Part

   Accessor: Memory is amemory device used for storing information in modern information technology. Its concept is very broad, there are many layers

   Times, in a digital system, as long as the binary data can be stored can be memory; In an integrated circuit, a

   The physical form of the circuit with storage function is called memory, such as RAM, FIFO, etc., in the system, with the physical form of

   Storage devices are also called memory, such as memory chips, TF cards, and so on. All information in the computer, including the raw data entered, the calculation

   Running results and final run results are stored in the memory. It is deposited according to the position specified by the controller and

   Remove the information. With the memory, the computer has the memory function, can guarantee the normal work. The memory on the computer is used

   The path memory can be divided into main memory (memory) and auxiliary memory (external memory ), also divided into external memory and internal storage

   The classification method of the device. External memory is usually a magnetic medium or a CD-ROM, which can save information for a long time. Memory refers to the storage unit on the motherboard

   Data and programs that are currently executing, but only for temporary storage of programs and data, power off or

   The data is lost.

   Controller: Consists of program counter, instruction register, instruction decoder, timing generator and operation Controller, it is issued command

   The "decision-making body" that completes the operation of coordinating and directing the entire computer system.

4. 
   

   Operating system (Operating system)
   

   OS is user and computer interface Span style= "font-family: ' Song body ', SimSun;" > and also computer hardware and other software interface.

   including management Computer Systems of the Hardware , software and data resources, Control program run, improve HMI , for other Application

   Software provides support for maximizing the function of all the resources in the computer system , providing a variety of forms of user interface , enabling

   Users have a good working environment, for the development of other software to provide the necessary services and the corresponding interface and so on. In fact, the user

   without touching the operating system, the operating system manages Computer Hardware resources, while following Application the resource request, sub-

   Allocation of resources, such as: Division CPU time, Memory the opening of space, calling printers and so on.

   Main functions:

   Process Management (processing management)

   Memory Management (Management)

   FileSystem (File System)

   Network communication (Networking)

   Security mechanism (safety)

   UI (User interface)

   Driver (Device drivers)

5. CPU Architecture Type

   Features: CPU architecture is a specification for CPU products belonging to the same series, the main purpose is to distinguish

   Important indicators for different types of CPUs. Currently on the market CPU instruction set classification is divided into two major camps, one is

   Intel, AMD led the complex instruction set CPU, the other is the IBM, arm-led thin instruction set CPU. Two

   Different brands of CPUs, the architecture of their products is not the same, for example, Intel, AMD's CPU is X86 architecture,

   IBM's CPU is the PowerPC architecture, and arm is the arm architecture.

   Performance: Generally speaking, in the same series of microprocessors, the higher the main frequency, the faster the speed of representing the computer, but for different types of

   Processor, it can only be used as a parameter for reference. In addition, the CPU computing speed also depends on the CPU's pipeline

   Aspects of performance indicators. Since the frequency does not directly represent the speed of the operation, in some cases, it is likely that the main

   CPU, which has a higher frequency than the actual operating speed. So the frequency is only one aspect of CPU performance, not

   Represents the overall performance of the CPU. CPU frequency, is the CPU Clock frequency , is simply the CPU operation when the frequency of work

   Rate (number of simultaneous pulses occurring within 1 seconds). The unit is Hz. It determines how fast the computer is running, as the computer

   Development, the frequency from the past MHz developed to the current

   GHZ (1ghz=10^3mhz=10^6khz=10^9hz).

   Note: with the development of technology,CPU speed is getting faster, memory, hard disk and other accessories gradually keep up with the speed of the CPU, and octave

   Solves this problem by allowing parts such as memory to still work at relatively low system bus frequencies, while the CPU

   The main frequency can be infinitely increased by octave (theoretically).

   
   

   The computer principle is more abstract, the concept is more, must study unceasingly to improve oneself!
   

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Computer Composition and function