[Conversion] Poetry Classification

1. According to the music, poetry can be divided into Ancient Poetry and near-style poetry. Ancient Poetry and close-to-body poetry are concepts formed in the Tang Dynasty and are divided from the perspective of the music.
(1) Ancient Poetry: including ancient poetry (poems before the Tang Dynasty), Chu Ci, and Yuefu poetry. The poems of Ancient Poetry, such as "song", "Song", and "song", are also ancient poems. The ancient style poems do not talk about battles, and the rhymes are more free. The development track of Ancient Poetry: The Book of Songs> Chu Ci → Han Fu → Han Lefu → Song of Wei Jin and Southern Dynasties → Jian 'an poetry → Tao Shi and other literati Wuyan poetry → Ancient Style of the Tang Dynasty, xinlefu.
1. Chu Ci: it is a form of Poetry Created by Qu Yuan of the Chu state in the Warring States period. It is characterized by the use of Chu di dialect and shengyun, which has a strong Chu di color. Liu Xiang edited the East Han Dynasty "Chu Ci", the book 17, mainly Qu Yuan's work, and Qu Yuan's work to "Li Sao" as the masterpiece, future generations are also known as "Chu Ci" as "Sao ".
② Le Fu: This is the name of the official director in charge of music when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and then becomes the name of poetry. The Songs Collected and created by the government departments of Han, Wei, and the Southern and Northern Dynasties are abbreviated as the songs of the People's Republic of China. Even though the poems written by Wei Jin and the Tang Dynasty and its later poets, the poems were not happy, they also became the poems of Le Fu and Zile Fu. For example, "Song", "mulanshi", and "short song line" (Cao ). In general, some of the titles of Yuefu Poems include "Songs", "rows", "leads", "Songs", and "Yin.
③ Karaoke: A variant of Yuefu poetry. The poems of the Han Dynasty and Wei Dynasty have many titles titled "Songs" and "lines". Although the two have different names, there is no strict difference. They all mean "Songs, its syllables and rules are generally relatively free, and the form adopts the ancient style of Wuyan, qiyan, and miscellaneous. The style is rich in changes, and there will be a "song line" in the future. In the Tang Dynasty, the poet of the Early Tang Dynasty wrote Yuefu poems. In addition to the old questions of the lufu in the Han, Wei, and the Six Dynasties, there were a few new questions. Although the words were "Yuefu", they were not limited to the voices. This kind of poetry has been greatly developed by Li Bai and Du Fu. For example, Du Fu's "miserable Chen Tao" "Sad River Head" "soldiers and vehicles" and "beauty", many of Bai Juyi's works are in the form of Le Fu's songs and songs, most of which are used in combination with three or seven words.
(2) close-to-body poems: Near-body poems, also known as modern poems, are formed in the Tang Dynasty. They are divided into two types, there are strict rules on the number of words, periods, flags, and rhymes.
① A term referred to as a "out-of-the-box sentence". Each of the first four sentences is abbreviated as a "five-word" or a "seven-word.
② A poem is called "rhythm". Each of the first eight sentences is referred to as "Five Laws" and "Seven Laws". More than eight sentences are called a rule (or long law ).
The rhythm of the poems is extremely strict. There are fixed sentences (except for the rule), fixed sentences, and fixed rhymes (fixed rhyming positions ), the word has a fixed voice (the plain tone of each word in the poem is fixed), and the joint has a fixed voice (the two links in the middle of the rhythm poem must be in confrontation ). For example, the poems originated from the Southern and Northern Dynasties and mature at the beginning of the Tang Dynasty have eight or four sentences, each of which must have the same number of words, four or five rhymes, and the two links in the middle must match each other, two, four, six, and eight rhyming sentences. The first sentence can be used. If more than 10 sentences are arranged on the basis of the fixed rhythm poetry, the rule should be called the rule. Except for the first and last two sentences, both the upper and lower sentences must be opposite, and there are also opposite sentences, it is called "fan-to-Fan ". Another example is that a sentence is only a combination of four sentences, which are also called a poem, a cut-off sentence, or a cut-off sentence. There are certain requirements in terms of equality, rhyme, and dual.
(3) word: it is also known as Shiyu, changshort sentences, song, song word, and Happy Mansion. Its features: Fixed adjustment, fixed sentence numbers, and fixed words. Different words can be divided into Long Tune (more than 91 words) and medium tune (59 ~ 90 characters), small orders (less than 58 words ). There are monotonous and double-tuned words. Double-tuned words are divided into two major sections. The two sections have equal or roughly equal Flat Characters and only one segment is monotonous. A word segment is called "Yi" or "Yi". The first segment is called "Qian", "Shang", and "Shang". The second segment is called "Houyi", "xia", and "xia.
(4) Qu: Also called word Yu and Le Fu. Yuanqu includes the prose and zaju. The prose song rose in gold, flourishing in Yuan, and the style is similar to the word. Features: the number of words can be fixed with additional text, more use of spoken language. There are two kinds of scattered Music: small order and set of numbers. Set of numbers is a set of consistent sets of songs, at least two sets, dozens of more. Each set of numbers uses the first qu as the full set of qu pai names. The full set must be the same as the MIIT. It has no guests and is only for singing.
2. Classification by content: it can be divided into narrative poems, lyric poems, farewell poems, Bian sai poems, landscape and pastoral poems, nostalgia Poems (Yong Yi poems), Yong Wu poems, Song dead poems, and ridicule poems.
(1) huaigu poetry.
It is generally used to miss ancient figures and deeds. Yong Shi's nostalgia poems often twist historical facts with reality, or feel personal experiences, or attack social reality. For example, Su Shi's "Nian nujiao Chibi huaigu" expressed his feelings about his personal experience, and the contradiction between ideal and reality. His career was far from successful. Xin Qiji "yongyu LE · jingkou beiguting huaigu" expressed dissatisfaction with the Court and criticized the social reality. Some ancient poems only give a calm and rational reflection and Evaluation of history, or only provide an objective description. The poet's experience is not in it. The poet's emotion is just an out-of-band voice. For example, Liu Yuxi's wuyixiang, a comparison between the past and the past, expresses the poet's sense of vicissitudes of history.
(2) yongwushi.
Features of yongwu Poetry: The content uses a certain thing as the object to describe, capture some of its features to make an impression. Ideologically, it is often a matter of words. From thing to person, from real to virtual, write spiritual character. Commonly used metaphorical, symbolic, anthropomorphic, comparison, and other performance techniques.
(3) Landscape and pastoral poetry.
Xie Lingyun of the Southern Dynasty started his poems first, and Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty started his pastoral poems and developed to the Tang dynasty. There were landscape and pastoral poems, represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran. Landscape and pastoral poems describe the natural scenery, rural scenery, and quiet seclusion life. The poetry is always beautiful, the style is quiet and elegant, and the language is refined and refined.
(4) war poems.
From the Pre-Qin Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, there was a poem with the theme of biansai and war. Because the war was still frequent, it is much easier for scholars to seek merit from the imperial examinations. In addition, the Age atmosphere of the prosperous Tang dynasty that actively uses the world and works with great enthusiasm, the magnificent poems developed greatly, the formation of a new genre of poetry, its representative figures are Gao Shi, Cen Shen, Wang Changling.
(5) Travel poems and bid poems.
The ancients or long-standing people, or long-standing drifting people, or long-standing customs, will always cause a strong sense of homesickness, so this kind of poetry is particularly large, they or write the thoughts of the trip, or you may miss your friends and friends, or you may want to ask someone to think about your hometown, or you may want to write your thoughts. In writing or touching the scene, or when you feel the emotion, or when the thing is passed, or because of a dream, or a wonderful metaphor.
(6) Send farewell poems.
In ancient times, due to inconvenient transportation and extremely underdeveloped communication, it was often difficult to meet friends and family members, so the ancients paid special attention to parting. When people leave, people often set up wine, Liu deliver, and sometimes have to say goodbye to poetry, So separation has become an eternal topic of Ancient scholars. Due to different situations, the specific content and Ideological Tendency of sending poems are often different. Some directly express their feelings of separation, some use them to make up their anger or express their aspirations, some focus on leaving their worries, others focus on encouragement, encouragement, and comfort, and some focus on both sides.

Common themes are classified as follows.

1. Love Poems are poems with the themes of love (including death), also known as "Love Songs" and "Boudoir ". Love poems have a long history since the Book of Songs. They mainly describe the love of men and women and love life, or express the love of parting. For example, "duanzhi", "", "Untitled" ("difficult to meet each other" Li Shangyin), and "Magpie Bridge fairy" ("" Qin Guan.

2. The swordsmanship refers to a poem that exposes the darkness of the society, shows the health of the world, and expresses the voices of people or people. It is also called a "Swordsmanship ", sometimes it is also called "political irony ". The swordsmanship has a long history and has never disappeared since the beginning of the Book of Songs. For example, Shuo rat, Vartan, Bee (Tang luyin), and question lin'an di (Southern Song Dynasty Lin Sheng) "Drunk Peace" ("greedy and profitable" Yuan Dynasty anonymous) and so on.

3. philosophical poetry is a kind of poetry that expresses or interprets a certain philosophy by describing and discussing specific things. Some have a clear theme, while others have nothing to worry about. Famous ones include Su Shi's "question Xilin wall", "qinshi", and Zhu Xi's "sense of view of books. In addition, some poems are not philosophical, but some of them are philosophical (for example, "the mountains are difficult to answer questions, and the mountains are different." After all, the East flow is gone.

4. This is also one of the first and most common themes to send farewell poems. It is mainly used to express feelings, do not hate, or encourage encouragement, or express affection or friendship. Because the farewell is often associated with mountain water, it is also called "Landscape farewell Poems ". For example, "Send du Shaofu's Ren shuchuan" (Wang Bo), "Send Meng Haoran's guangling" (Li Bai), "Don't Dong's sophomore book" (Gao Shi.

5. Record row poems, also known as traveling poems and traveling poems. It can also describe the feelings of personal visits, or show the feelings of homesickness, and combine narration with lyrical feelings. This kind of poetry cannot be separated from the description of landscape scenery, so it is also called "the record of Landscape Poetry ". This is slightly different from pure poetry, and it is dominated by "lyrical. For example, Du Fu's "travel night" and Ma Zhiyuan's "Qiu Si" cannot be regarded as a poem.

6. This is a poem that describes the scenery of the frontier and reflects the life of the Frontier soldiers. The famous biansai poets in the Tang Dynasty include Gao Shi, Cen Shen, Wang Changling, Wang zhijiao, and Li Zhe. Gao Shi's Yan gexing, Wang zhijing's Bai xuege deliver Wu zhengzheng to Beijing, Wang zhijing's Liangzhou CI, Wang Changling's trip to Beijing, and Fan Zhongyan's Yu qiao in the Song Dynasty ") and so on.

7. This refers to the poems that sing or comment on historical stories and historical figures to express feelings and Satirize current affairs; there are also some that only describe comparison without discussion, so that readers can think about it. The poems with the title of yongshi refer to Bangu's "yongshi" and zuoxi's "Eight Poems of yongshi" as the famous masterpiece of the early stage. Since then, more poems have emerged, for example, Zhang Yu's book burning pit, Li Shangyin's Jia Sheng, and Du Mu's question Wujiang pavilion (Wang Anshi and Zeng sang a different tone) and Wen Tingyi's "Jing wuwen yuan" are all famous articles.

8. yongwushi. This is a poem that expresses thoughts and feelings by singing natural or social things. It is a commonly used method to hold things and talk about things. This kind of poetry has appeared in the Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, and there will be more excellent works after the Tang Dynasty. For example, Wang Wei's lovesickness ("Red Bean ") li Bai's "egret", Du Fu's "Guiyan", Lu You's "Bu operator · Yongmei", Yu Qian's "Lime Yin", Wang Mian's "mo Mei", etc, it's a natural thing to show your mind.

9. Yong huaishi. This is a poem that reflects or satirizes the subject matter of personal ambition. bixing, symbolic, and Lenovo are its main techniques. Yong Huai's poems are also from the Book of Songs, which is one of the most important poems in ancient poetry. For example, Qu Yuan's Li Sao, zhijiang, Li Bai's, Zhijin liquor, Chen ziang's, Deng Youzhou taige, and Su Shi's, dingfeng · Shahu Dao zhongyu, lu You's book anger is a touching masterpiece.

10. huaigu poetry. By hanging monuments and produce Lenovo, imagination, emotion and express feelings and aspirations, this kind of poetry is Nostalgia Poetry. Huai Gu poetry can be classified into Huai poetry categories, but it has unique characteristics. Huai Gu poetry is slightly different from Yong Yi, Huai Gu poetry is standing near the historical monuments and lyrical, while Yong Shi does not have to kiss historical sites, you can write in the study. Huai Gu's poems are like Du Fu's "Shu Xiang", Liu Yuxi's "wuyixiang", "Stone City", Li Bai's "Deng Jinling Phoenix TV", Su Shi's "Nian nujiao Chibi huaigu", and Xin Qiji's "yongyu le "· jingkou North guting huaigu, Zhang yanghao, hillslope goat yanguan huaigu, etc, they are all in the ages.

[Conversion] Poetry Classification