Elements and principles of computer network protocols

Whether we are doing things or being human, we need a rule to constrain us. This is also true in the world of computer networks. Then, the binding operator is the computer network protocol. This agreement, like the law we use, limits the work of computer networks.

1. Computer Network Protocol (Protocol)

A set of rules, standards, or agreements established for data exchange in a computer network. A protocol always refers to a certain layer of protocol, it is a set of communication rules and conventions for communications between equal entities ｡

Three factors of computer network protocols:

1) Semantics (Semantics). It involves control information for coordination and error handling ｡

2) Syntax (Syntax). formats, codes, and electrical equality of signals involving data and control information ｡

3) Timing. It involves speed matching and sorting ｡

2. network architecture and its division principles

A computer network system is a very complex system. It splits a complex system into several easy-to-process subsystems and then "divide and conquer ", this structured design method is a common means in engineering design. layering is one of the best methods for system decomposition ｡

In the general layered structure shown in figure 1, n layers are n-1-1 users, n + 1 layer service provider. n + 1 layer only uses the services provided by n layer, in fact, it also indirectly uses services at Layer N-1 and all of the following layers through layer n ｡

Figure 1 Hierarchical Model