Experience: Six rules that must be relied on for rational cabling

The network topology is messy, the network layout is reduced during the Cabling Process, and the equipment is placed improperly. Don't underestimate the carelessness and seal of these network cabling. They are just a time bomb and will attack at any time, your network and your work will be destroyed at any time. Why? It is too late. We need to avoid these problems in advance.

Like the foundation of a building, cabling work is also very important in the early stages of network construction. Only by doing a good job in wiring can we lay a "Foundation" for the normal operation of the network ". Wiring is a concealed project, so we must make reasonable planning at the beginning of cabling and design. Only by establishing a solid foundation can we make the network building more solid. So what aspects should we pay attention to during the Cabling Process? Based on years of cabling experience, I will introduce you to the six precautions for ensuring network stability and wiring security.

Knowledge: What is wiring?

As the name implies, wiring means cabling and cabling. When building a smart building, you must first connect the cable, telephone line, cable TV, and other signal lines to each room for easy use. Therefore, cables cannot be arranged at will. Certain standards should be observed in actual cabling. This standard is what structured cabling should follow. Only a certain amount of Structured Cabling can minimize the chance of network failures in future work, and speed up network troubleshooting.

Based on years of experience in structured cabling and troubleshooting, I have summarized the six precautions during cabling. we need to pay attention to these six points in the Cabling Design Drawing, cabling implementation, and post-cabling maintenance, in this way, we can enjoy the network more smoothly.

1. compatible Devices

Important indexes:★★★★

Key points: device model, compatibility

After the company's network construction is complete, there is always a disconnection between three different places. This problem has not been solved, and the Failure disappears after a switch is replaced by accident. Why? Incompatibility between devices is the root cause.

There are two main types of network faults caused by device incompatibility: one is incompatibility between two devices, and the other is incompatibility between the two ends of the same device. Let's first look at "incompatibility between different devices ".

① Incompatibility between different devices

The company is equipped with a layer-3 Switch (AVAYA P580) and divided into nine VLANs. Three ports are respectively assigned to three data centers, each of which has about 50 computers, are connected to the vswitch. However, in actual use, a machine room cannot access the Internet. Network connection and system settings are all correct. Check the port connecting AVAYA P580 to the data center. The indicator lights are off and the network cable is normal. Use the replacement method to connect the faulty data center with a switch in the normal data center. Further detection found that the original connection to the normal machine room switch is 3COM high-grade switch, and the connection to the problem of the switch is a common switch of the TP-LINK.

Through analysis, the author finally concluded that P580 is a high-end equipment, and the ordinary TP-LINK switch connection problems. From this we can see that different devices work collaboratively, especially high-end devices of different manufacturers and low-end devices in combination with each other.

Wiring experience: using a company's products for all network devices is a good way to avoid such problems, this can minimize the incompatibility between high-end and low-end devices or even between devices of the same level.

② Incompatibility between the two ends of the same device

One computer in the office cannot access the Internet. After a simple test, it was found that the gateway and other network nodes are connected. Due to the previous experiences of Dual-host interconnection that failed to connect due to inconsistent Nic working modes, so I will immediately locate the root cause of the problem to the network card working mode, enter the "local connection" "properties" window, click "Configure" button to set the network card working mode. Find "link speed" on the "advanced" tab and adjust "AUTO Mode" to "10 M Full Mode "). After adjustment, the computer will be able to access the Internet normally.

Why can't the computer only use "10 M Full Mode" here? The test was conducted by the tester. It was found that the transmission speed of the network cable was only 10 Mbps, and there was a serious quality problem. After the information point was re-created and the network cable was changed, the problem was completely solved. Therefore, ensure the quality of the equipment in the concealed engineering such as the network cable before installation.

Wiring experience: do not select basic network materials without quality assurance or small brands to save dozens of dollars, such as jumpers, panels, and network cables. These things will be placed in the ceiling or wall during cabling, which is difficult to solve after problems arise. At the same time, professional tools should be used to check the quality of products of major brands before installation.

2. The plug-in must beImportant indexes:★★★★

Key points: broadcast storm and Port

All of the company's computers cannot access the Internet, and the indicator lights on the aggregation layer switch flash. After investigation, it was determined that the problem was caused by a broadcast storm. A redundant network cable inserted on the switch was used by company employees and the other was inserted on the switch, after the RJ45 interfaces at both ends are connected to the port of the same vswitch, a broadcast storm is triggered throughout the network. After unplugging the network cable, the problem is solved.

This kind of wiring failure is mainly caused by chaotic management). When we complete the structured wiring, we should take away excess cables and equipment to prevent common users from messing with these cables. In addition, in some cases, the use of devices such as the one-drag binary line head without authorization may cause broadcast storms in the network. Therefore, it is necessary to follow a strict management system during cabling.

Experience in wiring: Do not leave any parts after wiring, because users are generally not familiar with the network, and are likely to be in a rush to seek medical treatment when problems arise, and will be used casually when you see redundant devices, make the problem more serious.

3. Anti-magnetic protection is the key
Important indexes:★★★
Key points: electromagnetic interference and shielding
A computer in the company cannot connect to the network, and the network adapter and network cable replacement have not solved the problem. After testing the network adapter, the transmission speed is unstable. After searching, it is found that there is a high-power electrical appliance on the road to the network cable, and the network is unobstructed after avoiding interference sources.
Why can electromagnetic devices interfere with the network transmission speed? Because an electrical signal is used in the network cable, and a magnetic field will be generated near a high-power electric appliance, this magnetic field will work on the nearby network cable and generate a new electric field, naturally, the signal is weakened or lost.
It should be noted that in addition to avoiding interference sources, the connection method of the network cable connector is also crucial to prevent interference. Whether it is using the 568A or 568B standard to make the network cable, ensure that 1, 2, 3, and 6 are two core wires so that they can have strong anti-interference capabilities.
Experience in cabling: in structured cabling, you must design the network cable route in advance to stay away from large radiation devices and sources of interference.
4. wiring should also prevent "heatstroke"

Important indexes:★★★★

Key points: temperature and heat dissipation

In high-temperature environments, equipment always suffers from faults. Why? During Integrated Wiring, you must have neglected the planning of the working environment of the device.

In the hot summer, the company's network is also disconnected, even when it is connected, the network speed is also very low. It is often 30 minutes before the startup in the morning, and then suddenly disconnected. I have not been able to resolve the fault according to the conventional method. When debugging the data center, I touched the shell of the core equipment and found it very hot. It seems that the switch was faulty due to high temperature. After a cooling device is added, the network disconnection problem never occurs again.

Why? Readers who have used computers know that when CPU fans experience poor heat dissipation, computer systems often crash or automatically restart, especially for network devices, high-speed CPU and core components need to run in a suitable working environment), too high temperature will damage them.

Experience in wiring: it is necessary to take care of equipment for summer vacation. Especially for core devices and servers, they must be placed in a dedicated equipment room for management, in addition, air conditioners and other cooling equipment are required.

The IDC where the device is placed must be installed

5. connect cables according to specifications

Important indexes:★★★★★

Key points: Express connect and crossover

There is always a problem with the connection line between the computer and the router. After checking, we found that the network cable purchased from the market is connected. The original direct connection line was purchased, the computer and the router need to be connected through a crossover line. It seems that different lines must be differentiated during cabling.

As we all know, there are many types of network cables, such as crossover lines, express lines, and CONSOLE lines. Different cables have different purposes under different circumstances. If the obfuscation type is used at will, the network will fail. Therefore, you must pay special attention to the cable types during structured cabling. If the cable does not meet the requirements, the Network may fail.

Wiring experience: although many network devices currently support the DIP jumper function, it can be used normally no matter whether you connect to the main line or the reverse line. However, in some cases, the device does not have the DIP function. Only when you pay special attention to the connection type can you avoid unnecessary faults.

6. Keep enough Network Access Points

Important indexes:★★★★

Key points: information points and Cell boxes

"Oh, why is there no additional network interface in the office ?" Similarly, network administrators often hear about it. If you do not prepare network interfaces for external users or employees, this will impede your work.

Indeed, in many cases, the future upgrade is not considered in the Structured Cabling Process, and the number of network interfaces is very limited. This is just enough for the current staff. If new employees or company structures change in the future, the above problem occurs. Therefore, in structured cabling, you need to set up a network access point multiple times in advance.

As we all know, the Network is developing very fast. A few years ago, it was still working hard to reach the desktop at 10 Mbps. Now it is 100 Mbps, or even Mbps to the desktop. We need to pay attention to network scalability. No one wants to use only 2 ~ The cabling system is renovated and resized in three years. Therefore, it is very important to set aside surplus access points.

Wiring experience: the so-called access point is the network access point. In theory, there must be a surplus to meet the needs of future upgrades.

Most structured cabling is done by cabling workers, who have professional wiring certifications, so most failures can be avoided. However, we still need to check the technology when laying lines, only when we have noticed the common problems mentioned above can we truly achieve "less money, more work, good deeds, and no bad things" in structured cabling ".(