Python Intermediate--07 Standard library

Standard library Learning 1. The Python standard library[https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/]

(3.5.5 documentation)

1. Introduction 2. Built-in functions 3. Built-in constants

3.1 Constant added site module

4. Built-in type

4.1. Truth Test
4.2. Boolean Operation--and,or,not
4.3. Compare
4.4. Numeric type--int,float,complex
4.5. iterators
4.6. Sequence--list,tuple,range
4.7. Text sequence type--str
4.8. Binary sequence Type--bytes,bytearray,memoryview
4.9. Set Type--set,frozenset
4.10. Mapping Type--dict
4.11.Context Manager Types
4.12.Other built-in Types
4.13. Special properties

5. Built-in exceptions

5.1 Base class
5.2 Specific Exceptions
5.3 Warnings
5.4 Exception hierarchies

6. Word Processing Service

6.1.string--Common String Operations
6.2.re--Regular Expression operations
6.3.difflib--help calculate increments
6.4.textwrap--Text Wrapping and padding
6.5.unicodedata--unicode Database
6.6.stringprep--Internet string
6.7.readline--gnu ReadLine Interface
6.8.rlcompleter--on the function of GNU ReadLine

7. Binary Data Services

7.1.struct--Interpreting byte binary data
7.2.codecs--registry codecs and base classes

8. Data type

8.1.datetime--Basic date and Time type
8.2.calendar---like calendar-related features
8.3.collections--Container Data type
8.4.collections.abc--Abstract base class container
8.5.heapq--Heap Queue algorithm
8.6.bisect--array two-part algorithm
8.7.array--Efficient array of values
8.8.weakref--Weak references
8.9.types--dynamic creation type is built-in type and name
8.10.copy--shallow and deep copy operation
8.11.pprint--Print Neat data
8.12.reprlib--standby repr () implementation
8.13.enum--Support Enumeration

9. Digital and mathematical modules

9.1.numbers--Digital Abstract base class
9.2.math--Mathematical Functions
Mathematical functions of 9.3.cmath--complex numbers
9.4.decimal--decimal point and floating point arithmetic
9.5.fractions--Rational Number
9.6.random--generating pseudo-random numbers
9.7.statistics--Mathematical Statistics function

10. Function-Type programming module

Efficient loop iterator created by the 10.1.tertools--function
10.2.functools--higher-order functions and actions on callable objects
10.3.operator--Standard Operation function

11. Access to files and directories

11.1.pathlib--Object-oriented file system paths
11.2.os.path--Common path name operation
11.3.fileinput--traversing rows from multiple input streams
11.4. stat--explains the results of stat ()
11.5.filecmp--Comparison of files and directories
11.6.tempfile--Generating temporary files and directories
11.7.glob--unix Style expansion Path mode
11.8.fnmatch--unix file name pattern matching
11.9.linecache--randomly accessed lines of text
11.10.shutil--Advanced file Operations
11.11macpath--mac OS 9 Path operation function

12. Data persistence

Serialization of 12.1.pickle--python objects
12.2.copyreg--Registration Pickle Support function
12.3. Shelve--python Object Persistence
12.4.marshal--internal Python object serialization
12.5.dbm--interface Unix's "database"
12.6.SQLITE3--2.0 DB API interface for SQLite database

13. Data compression and archiving

13.1.zlib--compatible with gzip compression
13.2.gzip--support for gzip files
13.3.bz2--supports BZIP2 compression
13.4.lzma--using LZMA compression algorithm
13.5.zipfile--manipulating Zip files
13.6.tarfile--read/write tar file

14. File format

14.1.csv--csv file Read and write
14.2.configparser--configuration file Parser
14.3.NETRC--NETRC file Processing
14.4.xdrlib--encoding and decoding XDR data
14.5.plistlib--Generating and parsing mac OS X. plist files

15. Cryptographic Services

15.1.hashlib--Secure Hash and message digest
15.2.hmac--Message-based authentication

16. General Operating System Services

16.1.os--interface for various operating systems
16.2.io--Core Processing Flow tool
16.3.time--Time Access and conversion
16.4.argparse--parsing command-line options, parameters and Sub-commands
16.5.getopt command-line options--c style parser
Tools for 16.6.logging--python Logs
16.7.logging.config--Log Configuration
16.8.logging.handlers--Log processing program
16.9.getpass--Portable Password input
16.10.curses--Terminal Processing Unit character display
16.11.curses.textpad--Text Input Widget
16.12.curses.ascii--Common ASCII characters
16.13.curses.panel--a panel stack extension
16.14.platform--accessing data from the underlying platform
16.15.errno--Standard errno system symbols
16.16.ctypes--foreign-to-Python function libraries

17. Concurrent execution

17.1.threading--Thread-based parallelism
17.2.multiprocessing--Process-based parallelism
17.3.concurrent Pack
17.4.concurrent.futures--Starting a parallel task
17.5.subprocess--Sub-process management
17.6. sched--Event Scheduler
17.7.queue--Synchronization Queue Class
Alternatives to the 17.8.dummy_threading--threading module
17.9. _thread--underlying threading API
Alternatives to the 17.10._dummy_thread--_thread module

18. Inter-process communication and networking

18.1. socket--the underlying network interface
18.2.ssl--tls/ssl Socket Object Wrapper
18.3.select--waiting for I/O completion
18.4. selectors--Advanced I/O multiplexing
18.5.asyncio--asynchronous I/O, Event loops, co-programs and tasks
18.6.asyncore--Asynchronous Sockets Handler
18.7. asynchat--Asynchronous Socket command/Response handler
18.8. signal--procedures for asynchronous event handling
18.9. mmap--support for memory-mapped files

19. Internet Data Processing

19.1.email--e-mail and MIME processing packages
19.2. Json--json Encoding and decoder
19.3.mailcap--mailcap file Processing
19.4. mailbox--working with mailboxes in various formats
19.5.mimetypes--file name Mapping to MIME type
19.6.base64--base32, Base16 Base64, Base85 data encoding
19.7.binhex--encoding and decoding binhex4 files
19.8.binascii--conversion between binary and ASCII
19.9.quopri--encoding and decoding MIME quoted-printable data
19.10.uu--encoding and decoding of a coded program file

20. Structured tag processing tools

20.1.html--support for Hyper-text markup languages
20.2. html.parser--simple HTML and XHTML parser
20.3. html.entities---Defined HTML entities
20.4.XML Processing Module
XML API for 20.5.xml.etree.elementtree--elementtree
20.6.xml.dom--Document Object Model API
20.7.xml.dom.minidom--the smallest DOM implementation
20.8.xml.dom.pulldom--supporting the construction of some dom trees
20.9.xml.sax--Support SAX2 Parser
20.10.xml.sax.handler--base class sax handlers
20.11.xml.sax.saxutils--sax Common class
interface of the 20.12.xml.sax.xmlreader--xml parser
20.13xml.parsers.expat--fast use of expat XML parsing

21. Internet Protocol and Support

21.1.webbrowser--Convenient Browser Controller
21.2.cgi--support for Public gateway interfaces
21.3.cgitb--the CGI script that went through the backtracking
21.4.WSGIREF--WSGI Tools and Reference implementations
21.5.urllib--url Processing Module
21.6.urllib.request--Open the extensible library of URLs
21.7.urllib.response--the class used to respond to Urllib
21.8.urllib.parse--parsing URLs into components
The exception class proposed by 21.9.urllib.error--urllib.request
21.10. Urllib.robotparser--robots. TXT interpreter
21.11.http--http Module
21.12.http.client--http Customer Agreement
21.13.FTPLIB--FTP Customer Agreement
21.14.POPLIB--POP3 Agreement Customer
21.15. IMAPLIB--IMAP4 Customer Agreement
21.16.NNTPLIB--NNTP Customer Agreement
21.17.SMTPLIB--SMTP Customer Agreement
21.18.SMTPD--SMTP Server
21.19.telnetlib--telnet Client
21.20.uuid--the UUID object that is obtained according to RFC 4122
21.21.socketserver--Network Server Framework
21.22.http.server--http Server
21.23.http.cookies--http State Management
21.24.http.cookiejar--processing cookies for HTTP clients
21.25.XMLRPC--XMLRPC Server and Client modules
21.26.XMLRPC.CLIENT--XML-RPC Client Access
21.27.xmlrpc.server--Basic XML-RPC Server
21.28.ipaddress--ipv4/ipv6 Manipulation Library

22. Multimedia Services

22.1. audioop--Manipulating raw audio data
22.2.aifc--Read and write AIFF and aifc files
22.3.sunau--Read and write Sun au files
22.4.wave--read and write WAV files
22.5.chunk--reading IFF block data
22.6.colorsys--Conversion between color systems
22.7.imghdr--determining the type of an image
22.8.sndhdr--determining the type of sound file
22.9.ossaudiodev--Accessing oss-compatible Audio Devices

23. Internationalization

23.1.gettext--Multi-lingual International service
23.2.locale--International Service

24. Procedural framework

24.1.turtle--Turtle Drawing (a simple drawing tool)
24.2.cmd--supports line-oriented command interpreter
Simple lexical analysis of 24.3.shlex--

Graphical user interface for 25.Tk

25.1.TKINTER--TCL/TK's Python interface
25.2.TKINTER.TTK--TK-themed Widgets
25.3.tkinter.tix--Extending TK Components
25.4.tkinter.scrolledtext--scrolling Text widget
25.6.IDLE
25.7.Other graphical user Interface packages--other GUI packages

26. Development tools

26.1.typing--Support Type Hints
26.2.pydoc--Document generator and online Help system
26.3.doctest--testing an interactive Python sample
26.4.unittest--Unit Test Framework
26.5.unittest.mock--Mock Object Library
26.6.unittest.mock--start
26.7.2to3--2 to 3 code translation
26.8.test--test package for Python regression
26.9.test.support--Common Python test suite

27. Commissioning and performance analysis

27.1.bdb--Debugger Framework
27.2.faulthandler--the python backwards.
27.3.pdb--python Debugger
27.4.Python Analyzer
27.5. timeit--measuring the execution time of small code fragments
27.6.trace--trace or Python statement execution tracking
27.7. tracemalloc--Tracking Memory Allocations

28. Software packaging and distribution

28.1.distutils--Building and installing the Python module
28.2.ensurepip--Boot PIP Installer
28.3.venv--Creating a virtual environment
28.4.zipapp--managing Python executable zip archive

29.Python Run-time services

29.1.sys--system-specific parameters and functions
29.2.sysconfig--provides configuration information for Python
29.3.builtins--Built-in objects
29.4._main--Top-level scripting environment
29.5.warnings--Early Warning control
29.6.contextlib--the context of the public with-statement
29.7.abc--abstract base class
29.8.atexit--Exit Handler
29.9.traceback--print or retrieve a stack trace
29.10.future--in the future of the statement defined
29.11.gc--Garbage Collector Interface
29.12.inspect--checking the active object
29.13.site--Specific Site Configuration hooks
29.14.fpectl--floating-point exception control

30. Custom Python Interpreter

30.1.code--translation base class
30.2. codeop--compiling Python code

31. Import the module

31.1.zipimport--importing modules from a ZIP document
31.2.pkgutil--Package Extension Tool
31.3.modulefinder--find the script used by the module
31.4.runpy--locating and executing python modules
The realization of 31.5.importlib--import

32.Python Language Services

32.1.parser--accessing the Python parse tree
32.2.ast--Abstract Syntax Tree
32.3.symtable--accessing the compiler's symbol table
32.4.symbol--constants using the Python parse tree
32.5.token--constants using the Python parse tree
32.6.keyword--python Test Keywords
32.7.tokenize--to Python source code compiler
32.8.tabnanny--Detection of ambiguous indentation
32.9.pyclbr--python Class Browser support
32.10.py_compile--compiling Python source files
32.11.compileall--byte-compile Python Library
32.12.dis--Disassembler python bytecode
32.13.pickletools--Kimchi Developer's tools

33. A variety of services

33.1.formatter--General-Purpose output format

34.MS Windows-specific services

34.1. msilib--Read and write Microsoft Installer files
34.2.msvcrt--ms VC + + run-time useful program
34.3 Winreg--windows Registry Access
34.4.winsound--Sound Playback Interface window

35.Unix Specific Services

35.1.posix--most common POSIX system calls
35.2.pwd--Password Database
35.3spwd--Shadow Password Database
35.4.grp--Group Database
35.5crypt--function Check UNIX password
35.6 termios--posix style remote control
35.7. tty--Terminal Control function
35.8. pty--Pseudo-terminal tools
35.9 Fcntl--fcntl and IOCTL system calls
35.10. pipes--Interface Shell Piping
35.11.resource--Resource Usage information
35.12. Nis--sun's NIS (Yellow Pages) interface
35.13.syslog--unix Syslog Library Process

36. Replacement Module

36.1.optparse--command-line options for the parser
36.2.imp--Access Import Internal

37. Illegal modules

37.1. Platform-specific modules

2. Python Common module (√)

3. Python Common Learning Library Rollup GUI graphical interface

tkinter:https://wiki.python.org/moin/tkinter/
wxpython:https://www.wxpython.org/
pygtk:http://www.pygtk.org/
pyqt:https://sourceforge.net/projects/pyqt/
Pyside:http://wiki.qt.io/category:languagebindings::P yside

Web Framework

django:https://www.djangoproject.com/
flask:http://flask.pocoo.org/
tornadoweb:http://www.tornadoweb.org/en/stable/
webpy:http://webpy.org/
cherrypy:http://cherrypy.org/
jinjs:http://docs.jinkan.org/docs/jinja2/

Scientific calculations

numpy:http://www.numpy.org/
scipy:https://www.scipy.org/
pandas:http://pandas.pydata.org/
Blaze:http://blaze.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html

Cryptographic Science

cryptography:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/cryptography/
Hashids:http://www.oschina.net/p/hashids
paramiko:http://www.paramiko.org/
passlib:https://pythonhosted.org/passlib/
Pycrypto:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pycrypto
pynacl:http://pynacl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

Crawler related

scrapy:https://scrapy.org/
Pyspider:https://github.com/binux/pyspider
Portia:https://github.com/scrapinghub/portia
Html2text:https://github.com/alir3z4/html2text
beautifulsoup:https://www.crummy.com/software/beautifulsoup/
lxml:http://lxml.de/
selenium:http://docs.seleniumhq.org/
Mechanize:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/mechanize
pyquery:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyquery/
Creepy:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/creepy

Image processing

bigmoyan:http://scikit-image.org/
Python Imaging Library (PIL): http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/
pillow:http://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

Natural language Processing

nltk:http://www.nltk.org/
Snownlp:https://github.com/isnowfy/snownlp
Pattern:https://github.com/clips/pattern
textblob:http://textblob.readthedocs.io/en/dev/
Polyglot:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/polyglot
Jieba:https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba

Database-driven

mysql-python:https://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python/
Pymysql:https://github.com/pymysql/pymysql
pymongo:https://docs.mongodb.com/ecosystem/drivers/python/

4. Python 3 module of the Week, Chinese name "one Python 3 modules per week"

The author almost practiced the entire standard library and supplemented a code sample for each API to complement the official documentation.

Python Intermediate--07 Standard library