How business is playing VMware

VMware, I have been playing for a year. But that is the student-level play.

Come to the enterprise, see more nouns, more use of methods, more efficient configuration.

Well, let's see how the enterprise uses VMware.

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Story background:

Units in all parts of the country have n servers, maintenance costs are high, maintenance is inconvenient.

The leader intends to migrate the servers in various places to a, and manage them uniformly.

In order to achieve cost savings, reduce the number of cabinets, ease of management, failover, load balancing effect, the unit uses the VMware vcenter to achieve the goal.

Objective of this article:

It is hoped that people who are 0 based on the server will be able to become a maintenance player after reading this article.

Lectures by Seniors:

1. What is a VMware host

2. What is a VMware virtual machine

3. What is a cluster?

4. Virtual Cluster Set network topology

5, Vcenter Simple Introduction

In the predecessor Lectures PPT premise, I add own understanding, will this article divides into 2 parts:

1) Introduction to related concepts involved in the process of server centralization

VMware Related concepts: Esxi,vsphere,vcenter

Cluster-related concepts: clustering, Drs,ha

ESXi Network-related concepts: ESXi host network composition, VSwitch

2) Introduction of the process of adding a host, adding a virtual machine

ESXi Host Installation

Vcenter Installation

Virtual machine installation, physical machine to virtual machine

Our enterprise's server centralized thinking reference

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I. Introduction to related concepts involved in the process of server centralization

1 Concepts related to VMware
1.1 VMware Concept Interpretation

VMware Host	Physical machine
VMware virtual Machines	Virtual machines, operating systems running on physical machines
ESXi	A Linux kernel-based operating system, the host of our room has installed this operating system. VMware Professional runs the operating system of the virtual machine.
VSphere	Starting with version 4, VMware collectively referred to ESXi and ESX as vsphere. Starting with version 5, the original Exi version is canceled. In other words: VSphere = ESXi. Official documents are called vsphere as a priority. But most of the data on the network is called ESX hosts, not vsphere hosts. VSphere prefers a family name, at least our software is called: VMware vSphere 5.
VCenter	The full name is VMware vCenter Server. Manage Vsphere's management platform professionally.

1.2 How to understand a physical host as a resource pool

Here I quote Baidu Encyclopedia: "Vsphere separates applications and operating systems from the underlying hardware, simplifying IT operations." Your existing applications can see proprietary resources, and your server can be managed as a resource pool. As a result, your business will run in an IT environment that is simplified but highly resilient. “

Originally did not understand this sentence, until the predecessor of the unit told me that the engine room mainframe, are used to provide physical CPU, memory, network card, host the virtual machine running above the physical files are placed in a separate storage enclosure.

assume: There is now host a, Host B. Host a runs on virtual machine C.

If host a bad day, change Host B to run the virtual machine C, for the virtual machine C, it is a change of hardware just.

In other words, the host is the equivalent of a pool of resources, a CPU, memory, network cards and other resource pools, used by virtual machines.

Like the operating system that separates applications and operating systems from the underlying hardware, is it not the same as our general win and Linux? So, it's special.

1.3 If you understand the role of vcenter

A picture solves this problem:

2 Clustering Concepts & enterprise Solutions
This concept came into contact with the unit: Using clustering maximizes the use of hosts and provides high availability for virtual machines. The cluster distributes resources across hosts and manages load balancing.

Related to the cluster, the main solution is really excellent, in line with the enterprise production to pursue a stable appetite. Here are two solutions: Drs and Ha。
2.1 Solution 1:drs

VMware distributed Resource Scheduler = VMware DRS = Distributed resource Scheduling

2.1.1 VMware DRS operating mechanism



2.1.2 How to allocate the right resources?
by VMware VMotionImplementation of migration.
2.1.3 VMware DRS Two modes of migration:
1) Migrate the virtual machine to another server with more appropriate resources, as shown in:
2) Migrate other virtual machines on the server to make more resources for the virtual machine, as shown in:




2.2 Solution 2:ha

VMware high availability = HA = Highly Available

2.2.1 What is high availability?
Typically describes a system that has been specifically designed to reduced Downtime, while maintaining the high availability of its services.
2.2.2 VMware HA operating mechanism
A VMware ha cluster typically has a logical queue that includes two or more ESX hosts. In Ha clusters, each VMware ESX server is equipped with an HA agent that continuously detects other hosts in the cluster Heartbeat Signal。
The ESX host sends a heartbeat signal through the service host's network connection every five seconds, as shown in:

Solutions

Scan Results	Results Analysis	Solution
An ESX host has not signaled a heartbeat after 3 intervals	The host is defaulted to a problem or a network connection has occurred	Virtual machines that were originally running on that host are automatically transferred to other hosts in the cluster
One ESX host cannot accept heartbeat signals from other hosts in the cluster	Pending analysis	Start an internal process to detect if there is a problem with your connection to another host in the cluster, if something really went wrong: 1) Then it interrupts all running virtual machines on this host 2) Start the pre-set standby host.

2.2.3 How is VMWare HA configured?
Consistent high-availability VMware ha full diagram

The diagram is clear, summed up very well, summed up under:

1) Create a DNS server that provides host name-to-IP address resolution for hosts

2) configuring VMware HA in Vcenter

3) Check ESX configuration

3 ESXi Host Network composition analysis

We started to touch the virtual switch, VSwitch, of course, can not just understand the word, but also the entire host network formed by a certain understanding of the composition. This has great benefits for our server focus and subsequent maintenance.
The following is a schematic description of the ESXI network composition:
3.1.1 Physical network Card
In ESXi, the physical NIC name is called Vmnic, the first physical network card is vmnic0, the second piece vmnic1, and so on. After ESXi is installed, the first NIC Vmnic0 is added by default. The advanced features of vsphere must be achieved through multiple NICs.

3.1.2 Virtual Switch Vswitch
VSwitch provided by the ESXi kernel, a virtual switch for connecting different virtual machines and management interfaces.
Vswitch can consist of one or more pieces of vmnic, and different vswitch cannot use the same vmnic. The default is to install the first Virtual Switch vSwitch0, which is used for the main console, virtual machine online and other functions.


3.1.3 Virtual Machine Communication Port Group
On an ESXi host, there are two types of port groups: VM NetworkAnd VMKernel。

VM Network	Downstream port group equivalent to physical switch
VM Kernel	Management Traffic Manage heartbeat Transfers When you configure Vsphere ha VMotion Support for virtual machines migrating from ESXi A hosts online to ESXi B hosts Fault tolerance Support for virtual machine fault tolerance IP Storage For connection to IP storage, including iSCSI and NFS storage These are the 4 sub-interfaces of the Vmkernel.

3.1.4 Nic Team
Multiple physical network cards on the same server are bundled into a virtual network card via software. In other words, for an external network, this server has only one visible network card.



Second, add the host, add the virtual machine process Introduction
There are many excellent tutorials on the network, the author does not superfluous once again, on the quiet to do a knowledge of the porter.
Installing an ESXI Host: Installation configuration diagram for VMware ESXi 5.1

Installing the Vcenter:vmware VSphere 5.0 Series Tutorial three vcenter introduction and installation Configuration

Add Host: VMware vCenter add ESX (i) host

Add virtual machines: Vmware VSphere 5.0 Series Tutorial Six virtual machines and host profile creation and template Deployment "New virtual machine"
VMware vCenter Converter Standalone Migration "enterprise-used: Physical machine capture virtual machine yes"

Host profile Configuration Application: VSphere 4 host profiles application diagram

As you can see from the above sequence, we first install the ESXI system for each host. This time the installation of Vcenter more choice: You can choose a separate host installation WIN2003 or WIN2008, on the installation of vcenter, or you can create a new virtual machine in the ESXi host installation of WIN2003 or WIN2008, Then install vcenter.

Here to tidy up our enterprise's server focus on the idea:

In fact, because there are multiple ESXi hosts to configure, you can take a look at the host Profiles application diagram mentioned in the tutorial above to quickly fix multiple ESXi hosts.



Reference 1: Picture details VMware DRS resource Scheduling technology (PHOTOS)
Reference 2: Consistent, highly available VMware ha full plot

How business is playing VMware