How to estimate software project costs

[Background]

Software projects can be divided into two types:

A. Custom System

B. Develop a productization System

Currently, the vast majority of customers in China are engaged in a type of customer Customization System, from receiving orders from customers to meeting customer needs, obtaining customer contracts, developing and implementing them, perform post-maintenance and other work.

There are not many people involved in product R & D in China, and there are many problems involved in project estimation. I will not discuss it here.

As a normal software project, as operators and managers, they all want to know clearly how big the software project is, how much it will cost, and how much profit I can get, therefore, it is important to accurately estimate the scale of a software project.

Next we will analyze the Scale Estimation of a small software project.

[Project requirement document]

Assume that we have now received a project named ××× Member Integrated Management Platform and decided to adopt the traditional B/S architecture for design, the first thing we need to do is to analyze the requirement documents of this project. We can know the overall scale only when we are familiar with the requirements.

For specific requirements, see:

Appendix --- system requirement document
 

 

[Estimate the project scale]

We all know that normal software development models, such as Waterfall development models, are divided

A. Requirement Analysis

B. Basic Design

C. Detailed Design

D. codeing

E. ut

F. CT

G. RT

H. Post-Maintenance

So many stages and steps. However, according to my understanding, a small number of large domestic companies in China will strictly follow this process, and most of them will follow their own characteristics. Many of them are famous enterprises such as Neusoft and lianchuang. So when I make a project budget estimate, I still follow the domestic development steps:

Large projects
Medium Project
Small projects
Man-day
 
System Design
Database Design (about 10 tables)
------
6
 
System Structure Design
------
6
 
Image demo
------
10
 
System development framework construction
------
3
 
Develop jobs
Member Management submodule
Member card opening screen
1.5
 
Member card activation confirmation screen
0.5
 
Member Information Retrieval Screen
1
 
Member Information Modification Screen
1
 
Member rest modification confirmation screen
0.5
 
Generate multiple card numbers
1
 
Member point input and Modification
2
 
Membership Card extension Screen
2
 
Picture of member card loss
2
 
Commodity Management submodule
Product input screen
1
 
Product input confirmation screen
0.5
 
Product Search Screen
1
 
Product Information maintenance Screen
1
 
Inventory management
Inventory search screen
1
 
Inventory Creation screen
1
 
Inventory modification Screen
1
 
Inventory information confirmation screen
0.5
 
~ Omitted ~
 
Test job
Test data and plan preparation
------
3
 
Sub-module test
Split screen test
~ Omitted ~
 
Post-Maintenance
Online System Installation
Hardware installation and wiring
1
 
Environment installation and project deployment
1
 
Simple customer training
3
 
Maintenance
Routine data maintenance
4
 
Bug fixes
5
 
Total
More than seven months
 

 

[Conclusion]

Software companies have several ways to calculate money:

A. In China, for example, lianchuang, you can use the project segmentation method to collect money. In this case, if you have completed the launch of a template

B. Outsourcing companies generally use a person's monthly money to collect money. For example, outsourcing to Japan is generally 10 thousand ~ 20 thousand months per person.

For the boss, he has to calculate the project cost, such as the following:

(Total month: 7 months)
Project Cost
Billing for customers
 
Total price
70 thousand (Market Price: 10 thousand/month)
& Gt; = 80 thousand
 

# Why does one person have 10 thousand yuan a month in the project cost?

If we assume that the project members are composed of the following:

Position
Monthly salary
 
PM
60, 00
 
Se
45, 00
 
PG (5 persons)
25, 00 × 6
 
Daily operating expenses of the company (including civilian staff, accounting, site rental, tourism and welfare, upper-level salary of the company, computer equipment, and customer relationship fee -----)
, 00
 

So we can get:

Total monthly spending
75,500
 
Average person-month
10,786
 

 

# Why is the final price of the project more than 80 thousand?

In today's IT market, companies that make custom systems have a profit margin of only 10% ~ 20%, a little more powerful, such as the joint venture, the daily constant is generally 15%.

In particular, the current annual inflation rate is 5%. If an enterprise fails to earn more than 10% of its profits, the company will surely be finished.

Therefore, 70 thousand × (minimum profit margin) 10%> = 80 thousand.

Proof completed

----- Preceding ------

 

Welcome to the following software management articles

========================================================== ======================

10-day discussion on outsourcing project management to Japan

Http://blog.csdn.net/nanjingjiangbiao/archive/2010/01/31/5274307.aspx

 

 

Discussion on the first day of outsourcing project management to Japan

Http://blog.csdn.net/nanjingjiangbiao/archive/2010/03/10/5364523.aspx

========================================================== ======================

 

 

 

 

[Appendix --- system requirement document]

System Requirements:

Module name
Processing functions
Detailed functions
 
Member Management submodule
Member card type management: It can be saved value type cash-back type, Count type, and common type.
The saved-Value Type cash-back type belongs to the pre-paid membership card, for example, 100 real-time account 120.

The Count type belongs to the prepaid membership card, for example, 500 yuan/20 times.

Two common types are available: one is a prepaid membership card, which requires a certain amount of cash when the card is opened, and the other is only used to represent the user's membership of a merchant, it is only used for credit or discount.

Each card type has a corresponding credit and consumption discount rate.
 
Membership Card Management: Includes member card activation, member information maintenance, batch generation of card numbers and other functions.

 
When a member opens a card: The member must enter the member information and generate the corresponding card information corresponding to the member information when applying for the membership card for the first time.

Maintenance of member information: Query of member information, modification of membership card and member identity information.

Batch generate card numbers: You can generate a batch of card numbers in advance. When you need to process cards, enter them directly. Invalid numbers must be blocked, whether generated separately or in batches.

 
 
Recharge management: a stored value membership card needs to be renewed after the amount is spent. If it is not renewed, the membership card is currently unavailable.

 
The stored value type cash-back type and count type are used for one-time recharge before card opening. After use, the instance is used up. When you recharge the instance again, the instance is charged based on the card type.

Ordinary consumption type: the charge amount varies, and the specific amount is determined by the merchant.

 
 
Member points

 
Member points are a function that can be flexibly configured. For example, how many credits are sent when a card is opened, how many credits are added when a membership card of different types is consumed, and how many credits are reduced when a gift is exchanged.
 
Membership Card Extension
No matter which type of membership card is used, an end time will be set at the beginning of the card creation. When the end time is reached, you can apply for an extension if the remaining balance is not used, the specific extension time is determined by the merchant.
 
Loss of membership card: you can apply for a loss from the merchant who handles the card after the card is accidentally lost.

 
Report loss: the user will report the loss based on the password and credential entered during the process.

Take and hold: If you find a lost card, you can cancel the report.

Card supplement: you can apply for a card supplement after the loss occurs for a period of time. The user's membership card number may change when completing the card, but the membership card number is unique and unchangeable.
 
Commodity Management submodule

 
Product Category Management: merchants create corresponding categories for their own products. There are two types of commodities: real commodities and virtual commodities.
Real commodities are commodities that exist in reality, such as cigarettes, wine, and drinks.

A virtual commodity is a concept of space or time.
 
Real product management:

 
Product Information Input: each seller enters the product information.

Item information maintenance: including querying, modifying, and deleting product information.
 
Virtual Product Management:

 
Product Management: for example, a certain Stadium. 3 hours/100 yuan. For a certain service, 100 RMB/time.
 
Inventory management

 
Warehouse Management
Create, maintain, query, and delete the inventory information of the seller.

 
 
Supplier Management
Create and maintain supplier information. Supplier name, phone number, contact person, sales product, etc.
 
Warehouse receiving management
Warehouse receiving for new products. Product name, quantity, corresponding supplier, stored warehouse, retention period, minimum inventory alarm point, etc.

 
 
Warehouse picking Management
During the product sales process, the system automatically reduces the number of products.
 
Inventory alarm
When the inventory of a commodity falls below the set level, a clear alarm is triggered.
 
Consumption management submodule

 
Reservation Management
The user contacts the merchant by phone, and makes a reservation for the arrival time and the service to be consumed. The merchant creates a pre-order through the system. The pre-order contains the user's contact information or membership card number, services to be consumed, and venues to be used.
 
Consumer order generation
After the user comes to the seller for consumption, if there is a reservation in advance, it will be converted to the corresponding consumption order at this time, if it is consumed on the spot, the consumption order will be generated on site. The purchase order stores all the consumption behaviors of the user at the merchant. When the final settlement is made, if the user is a member, the purchase order can be connected to the membership card.

 
 
Add real product
Add a product to a generated consumer order, including the quantity, unit price, and consumption time of the product.

 
 
Add virtual products
A virtual product is added to a generated consumer order. A virtual product is different from a real product. It may not be in the unit of quantity, but may be in the unit of time or number of times. The system records the start time or times of member consumption in detail and automatically calculates the result based on the record at member checkout.

 
 
Settlement Management
The system will settle the settlement based on the contents of the purchase orders generated by each merchant. This includes the product of the quantity and unit price of a real commodity, the calculation result of the time or number of virtual commodities used, or the sum of the two. After the calculation result is obtained, if the user holds a membership card, the system will discount and points according to the membership card type and product type.
 
Combined checkout
Based on the above checkout management, You can associate different consumer orders and set one of them as the primary settlement orders for fee settlement.
 
Sub-module of merchant self-service Management

 
Merchant Information Management
Manages and maintains the information of sellers. Merchant recharge function.

 
 
Employee management
Create and maintain employees. This includes the account, initial password, and validity period for an employee to log on to the system.

 
 
Employee sales statistics
You can view the sales of products or services of employees in each store to measure the performance of employees.

 
 
Employee Operation Log
View the Operation Records of employees in each store.

 
 
Shift Management
An operation during shift shifting between employees is mainly a summary of the data of the employees in the previous class, and the data of the employees in the new class is re-entered.
 
Reminder Management
There are two types of reminders: one is the reminder of program control, and the reminder is added to some points. when the conditions are reached, the reminder is to be discussed. The other is a configurable reminder, for example, what to do on a certain day of a certain year.
 
SMS group application
The seller edits the text message content and submits it to the Administrator for unified sending.

 
 
Mass mailing Management
You can randomly pull out a specified number of users from the database and send emails to them.

 
 
Announcement Management
Announcement information for in-store employees
 
Measurement unit management
Each merchant can add his/her own measurement unit, such as Count and count. This type is only available for page display and is not associated with price conversion.
 
Change Password
Change the login System Password
 
Statistical Report
TBD
 
System Management

 
Role permission management
There are many sellers on the platform, and their employees all have corresponding roles. Different roles have different functions. roles are created by administrators.
 
Seller management
All sellers are added as a result. Before the validity period ends, sellers can log on to the system normally.
 
City Information Management
The initial system data is generally not changed. It mainly contains information from 13 cities in Jiangsu Province.
 
Reminder Management
There are two types of reminders: one is the reminder of program control, and the reminder is added to some points. when the conditions are reached, the reminder is to be discussed. The other is a configurable reminder, for example, what to do on a certain day of a certain year.
 
SMS Group Management
You can randomly retrieve a specified number of users from the database and send text messages to them. After the application is approved, a certain amount is deducted from the merchant's account based on the number of text messages. If the amount is insufficient, the application cannot be approved.
 
Mass mailing Management
You can randomly pull out a specified number of users from the database and send emails to them.
 
Announcement Management
Publish announcement information to all sellers
 
Change Password
Change the login System Password
 
Statistical Report
TBD
 

This article is from the csdn blog. For more information, see http://blog.csdn.net/nanjingjiangbiao/archive/2010/03/04/537959.aspx?attachment.