How to Write Graduation Thesis

My graduation thesis is divided into four categories: topic, debate, summary, and comprehensive.
Ii. graduation thesis specifications: academic year thesis master thesis doctoral thesis
3. Thesis: This is the last semester of a college student. Using the Basic Course and professional course knowledge, this paper independently explores or solves a certain problem in the subject, it was written after having obtained preliminary experience in writing a thesis for the academic year, and its subject should be a little bigger and deeper than that for the academic year. The basic criteria should be, it roughly reflects the academic level and ability of the author to analyze and solve a certain basic problem in the subject using the basic knowledge learned by the University in year 34. Of course, its selection should not be too large, the content is not too complex, and requires a certain degree of innovation, which can better analyze and solve the less complex problems in the discipline field. The length of the undergraduate thesis is generally more than six stem words. If you have a good graduation thesis, you can use it as a bachelor's degree thesis.

Importance of Four-choice questions
The value and utility of the graduation thesis can be determined by the selection of questions.
You can plan the direction, angle, and scale of the article to make up for the lack of knowledge reserves.
Proper selection can ensure the smooth development of writing and improve the research ability.

Five-choice principle
Linking theory with practice and focusing on practical significance (practical value and theoretical value)
Be diligent in thinking and deliberately seeking for new things (from viewpoint, question to material until the method of argument is new and old theme demonstrated with new materials, so as to put forward new or part of new views, new views, and question existing views, materials, and research methods. Although they did not put forward their new views, but it can inspire people to rethink the problem)
Know yourself and know him, moderate difficulty (to fully estimate your knowledge reserve and ability to analyze problems, to consider whether there is any information or data source, the difficulty of the questions should be moderate, and the size of the questions should be moderate)

6. Specific methods
View capture method (classify, arrange, and combine all aspects of the content obtained by reading, find problems, discover problems, and compare your own experiences and materials in the study, find out which experiences are not found in the Materials
Some of them are not; some of them have different opinions on this, while some of them have the same experience as the materials, and others have the same experience on the basis of the materials. After several thoughtful thoughts,
It is easy to develop your own ideas. Capture this kind of idea in a timely manner, and then further think about it. The goal of the selection will gradually become clearer)
Traceability verification method (this method is first proposed, and then verified by reading materials)
After selecting the subject of the graduation thesis, you must make theoretical preparations; otherwise, accumulating materials, forming arguments, and arguments will be lost.
Theoretical preparation before graduation thesis writing is a guide for accumulating data
The theoretical preparation before graduation thesis writing is a necessary condition for the formation of arguments and arguments
In terms of economics papers, we must first master the principles of economics and Applied Economics, including industrial economics, Agricultural Economics, commercial economics, finance, foreign trade economics, finance, and enterprise management,
We also need to master the methodological knowledge necessary to study economic phenomena, this mainly refers to the basic knowledge about quantitative analysis methods, such as economic mathematics, statistics, accounting, and the application technology of electronic computers.
The basic method of volume analysis is difficult to succeed.

7. data accumulation Methods
The following materials: statistical materials, typical cases, experience summaries, and so on, the latest developments in academic research on this subject at home and abroad, the materials of edge disciplines, and the discussion of celebrities, relevant policy literature, and collect papers
Social, political, economic, and other background materials

Analysis of data: applicability, comprehensiveness, authenticity, novelty, and representativeness

Drafting structure outline
We need to have a global concept to check the position and role of each part in the paper from the whole.
Starting from the central point of view, we decided to choose materials and discard materials that have nothing to do with the subject or have little to do with them, even though these materials were collected by painstaking efforts.
Consider the logical relationship between each part

9. Arguments and arguments
Since people's understanding cannot be completed at one time, even if a new idea emerged, it seems to be perfect at that time. However, with the passage of time, the improvement of people's understanding level will always find the shortcomings of the original viewpoint, therefore, it can be said that the vast majority
The existing research results have left additional research topics for future generations.
The supplementary argument is the affirmation and Development of previous research results, while the corrective argument is the negation and correction of existing research results. This sort of argument includes two aspects: on the one hand, the correction of the general argument (that is, the popular argument or opinion,
On the other hand, it is to correct the shortcomings of a new viewpoint.

Literature Review/Issue Report Writing
About literature review (see Word Document) http://wangxin3000.bokee.com/inc/xinxizongshuxiezuo.doc
The author does not aim to introduce his own research work (achievements), but focuses on relevant topics, A systematic and in-depth review of the background, status quo, and development trends of relevant topics
(Introduction and evaluation ).
The foundation of literature review is literature research. The writing of literature review lays a solid foundation for the writing of graduation (Design) thesis.

Opening Report
A descriptive document that describes and certifies the purpose, significance, function, and purpose of the study on the subject (subject) to be conducted. The purpose is to elaborate, review, and determine the topic (answer) of the thesis ).
It generally includes the following:
1) purpose and significance of the selected question
2) Development Status and Trends at Home and Abroad
3) content of the selected question, methods and means to be adopted
4) expected level and required scientific research conditions
5) workload and work schedule
IV of the thesis
Scientific-reliable content, accurate data, and repeated experiments.
Creativity-in principle, it is impossible to repeat others' work, improve, but not copy.
Logic-clear thinking, rigorous structure, reasonable derivation, and orchestration specifications.
Validity: published in public or approved by the same party.
Academic: abstract generalization and demonstration of things to describe the nature of things and express the professionalism and system of content. Different from science and technology reports and popular science articles, you must describe them in writing.

Notes
Avoid colloquial usage. Avoid using simplified words that are commonly used, and use standardized written words;
Use the first person with caution;
Check carefully to make every sentence concise and accurate;
Note spelling and printing errors;
Do not ignore fonts, formats, illustrations, and other sections;
The title and serial number must be clear and the hierarchy should be avoided.

Article Structure
General Structure of academic papers (GB7713-87)
Question
Author and organization

Abstract
Keywords
Introduction (preface)
Body
Conclusion
References
Appendix Material

Article name
Use concise and appropriate phrases to reflect the specific content of the article.
Brief title, no more than 20 words
Use less research and empty applications
Avoid using unfamiliar abbreviations, abbreviations, and formulas

Summary
The content of the article is a short statement without comments and comments. It is independent and complete for retrieval;
It generally includes: the purpose and importance of the study, the content, the problems solved, the main results obtained, and their significance;
Small abstract (200-300 words)
The sparrow is small and dirty
Large abstract (about 600 words)
Highlights the research achievements and innovation points

Keywords
4-6 phrases that reflect the characteristics and content of articles and have strong versatility
The first is the main work or content of this article, or a secondary discipline.
The second is the name of the main result or the name of several result categories in this article.
The third is the name of the scientific research method used in this article. The review or comments should be "Review" or "review"
The fourth is the name of the subject or material used in this article.
Avoid using common phrases such as analysis and features
Keyword examples
Example 1 Study on holographic imaging simulation of neon atomic bundle computing
Key words nano-technology computing holographic atomic optics laser cooling
Example 2 Study on the Measurement Method of the radius of the laser target axis
Key words large shaft diameter CCD laser spot diameter measurement

Introduction
Mainly answer why (why)

This topic describes the background, history, and status quo of research in related fields.
Do not show charts

Zheng Wen
The core of this paper is how to study ),
The general text should consist of the following parts:
This article points of view, theoretical or theoretical analysis
Implementation method or solution (depending on the Content)
Numerical calculation, simulation analysis, or experiment results (depending on the Content)
This article mainly discusses the changes produced by different parameters based on theoretical analysis, simulation or experiment results, the degree to which the theoretical analysis is consistent with the experiment, and possible problems.

Conclusion
The conclusion of this article is to answer the question (what)
Based on the text, briefly pointed out
Principles and universality revealed by research results
Are there any exceptions in the study or problems that are hard to solve in this article?
Similarities and differences with previous published papers
Theoretical and Practical Significance
Suggestions for the latest research

References and descriptions

References should be provided to reference others' achievements or content.

1) functions of recording references
Degree of literature assurance of the author
Author's academic Ethics
Provide document clues/check document quality

2) conditions for recording references
You must have read it yourself.
It must be the content that has a significant impact on the author's research and writing of the paper.

Never violate intellectual property rights
Resist the influence of bad social ethos and never engage in plagiarism, plagiarism, or infringement;
Strengthen legal awareness and carefully prevent unintentional infringement;
Attaches importance to the recording and identification of reference documents, which must be one-to-one matched and should not be omitted, and the format should be standardized;

Format of Common Reference documents: the format of reference documents should be in accordance with national standards (GB/T7714-2005) (International Standards) or the editorial department format of the press
Example:
1 Journal

[Sequence number] author. Title [J]. Publication name, publication year, volume number (period number): start and end page number

[1] Zhu Jianping, Zhang runchu. Development and Characteristics of Data Mining [J]. Statistics and decision-making, 2002 (3): 55-60

[2] Mo shaoqiang. Design and Research of digital Chinese full-text document format [J]. Journal of intelligence, (4): 1-6

2 books

[No.] author. Title [M]. Version (not written in the first version). Publisher, publication year. start and end page number

[1] He Qi, Zheng Yan, Wei, and so on. Build CRM-oriented data mining applications [M]. Beijing: People's post and telecommunications press,-252

[2] slowinski R. Intelligent demo-support: Handbook of applications and advances

Rough set theory [M]. Netherland: Kluwer ACAD Emic Publishers, 1992

3. Degree Thesis

[No.] author. Title [D]. storage location: storage unit, year

[1] sun Yuwen. Research on the word-building of Chinese variants [D]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2000.

[2] Zhang zhusheng-invariant set of differential semi-Dynamic System [D]. Beijing: Institute of Mathematics, mathematics, Peking University, 1983

4. Newspapers

[No.] author. Title [N]. Newspaper name, publication year-month-day (Edition)

[1] fu gang, Zhao Cheng, Li Jia road. Thoughts after the storm [N]. Beijing Youth Daily, 2000-04-12 (14)

5 Technology Report

[No.] author. Title [R]. Report title and No., published in

[1] kyungmoon nho. Automatic Landing System Design Using Fu logic [R]. AIAA-98-4484, 1998

6. international or national standards

[No.] Standard No., standard name [s 〕

[8] GB/T 16159-1996, basic rules for Chinese pinyin positive morphology [s]. Beijing: China Standard Publishing House, 1996

7. Patent recording format

[No.] patent owner. Patent title [p]. Patent country: Patent No., published on

[9] GINGER xizhou. A solution for preparing warm External Application of medicine [p]. China, 881056073,1989-07-06

8. Conference document recording format

[No.] conference organizer. Name of the meeting (or conference transcript) [C]. Location: publisher, publication date

[4] Zhang zuoguang, Zhang Xiaohong, Zhong Weihong, et al.. Analysis of Tensile Behavior of multi-phase hybrid fiber composite materials. For details, see Zhang Weimin.
Corpus (next) [C]. Beijing: World Book Publishing Company, 1996.410 ~ 416

[5] Agrawal R, imielinski T, Swami A. Mining Association Rules between sets of items in large databases, Washington, American, February15-22, 1993 [C]. Berlin: Springer, c1993

9. Electronic Literature

1 Xiao Yu. Publishing Industry informatization into the fast lane [Eb/Ol]. http://www.fanwen168.com

2 Metcalf s w. The tort Hall air emission study [C/Ol] // The International Congress on hazardous
Waste, Atlanta Marriott Marquis Hotel, Atlanta, Georgia, June 5-8, 1995: impact on human and ecological health []. http://atsdrl.atsdr.cdc.gov: 8080/cong95.html.

Document Type and flag code

Electronic document carrier and logo code

Appendix

The appendix is not a necessary part of the article, but it can be used as a reference for people who have a deep understanding of this article.
It mainly provides formula derivation, calculation, and data and charts that are not suitable to be included in the text.
I would like to extend my gratitude to anyone who provides guidance, help, or suggestions on the selection, conception, experiment, or writing of this study;
The authors of the thesis cannot be too many, so some secondary participants are not included in the authors, and I would like to express my appreciation.

Question Query Method

Step 1: Analyze Research topics
Including the following situations --
1. Find an accurate answer to a specific question, solve the problem, or use it as an argument and reference.
2. Search for a specific document, search for the original article based on the clues of a document, or query all the published articles by a known author.
3. Give a general understanding of a problem, and express your opinion on one aspect of the problem and write a small paper.
4. Read the cutting-edge and latest materials of a topic to learn about the research trends and development trends.
5. Conduct a comprehensive investigation and research on a subject to understand the entire development process of the subject. A comprehensive and meticulous understanding of all publications at home and abroad, with a wide range of years, and the preparation of a summary or research report.
6. conduct in-depth research on a subject, and put forward innovative ideas or arguments with a certain academic level on the basis of fully understanding the materials and important research results, write research reports or academic papers.

Handling of the above topic types --
1st. If you have correctly selected the search tools and reference resources for the two subjects, you can find the required information in one step and quickly achieve the search purpose;
For the 3rd types, you only need to browse some brief summaries or refer to several general articles;
For the 4-6 categories of topics, You need to collect various informative and in-depth information, focusing on timeliness or comprehensive system. Sometimes, you need reference materials for songs with high academic quality, such as degree papers, conference papers, research reports, important monographs, and even audiovisual materials.

Step 2: select a search tool to determine the Search Scope
. Subject attributes are the first choice for determining whether a search tool is applicable. First, we must ensure that the selected retrieval tool is consistent with the retrieval subject. Second, we should consider how authoritative the selected retrieval tool is in this subject field and try to use authoritative professional databases as the retrieval tool.
. Understand the range and characteristics of the collection and editing of the search tool, including the historical age of the data recorded by the resource, the geographical coverage, whether it is a single language, whether it includes multiple languages, what is the information type, and so on.

. Understand the retrieval methods and system functions of reference resources.
. Understand and make effective use of the retrieval system's assistance methods and auxiliary tools, such as search help and training courses.

Step 3: Determine the retrieval path and select the Retrieval Method
Pay attention to the following aspects for keyword search:
. Use words that cover the main theme concepts. keywords must be clearly defined.
. Use words with clear meanings, without common vocabulary.
. Select the conceptual term of the actual meaning, and do not use too long phrases or phrases.
You can use specialized terms of different disciplines to search the databases of different disciplines. You cannot use general words or popular terms as keywords.
. Determine the keyword search scope: some databases have specialized keyword fields; some databases have keyword query scopes as titles, or include abstract and other key fields. These will affect the search results.
Step 4: Evaluate the search results
Whether or not you have a comprehensive understanding of the subjects you have studied.
Whether to cover some or some research topics.
Whether to cover the status of the country or place covered by the research subject.
. Whether to cover other countries or regions.
. When the search results show too many records unrelated to the research subject, too few records related to the research subject, or no records related to the project, you must rethink and establish a search proposition, optimize the search policy and perform scale-down or scale-up checks.

Step 5: optimize the search results
Search Extension
Search for the identified search terms including synonyms, synonyms, abbreviations, and full names to ensure the document integrity rate and prevent missing detection by using the system's assistance methods and functions, some systems provide tree-like Word Table browsing, allowing us to expand with standard words, related words, and larger upper-level words.
By using the cited references, you can refer to the cited references when finding the papers related to the subject.
Use the or delimiter "*","? .

Step 6 organize the search results
Is the retrieved data related to the topic of the study?
Is it an academic article? Or popular articles?
Is it novel?
What is the data authority? Trusted?
Measure the test taker's knowledge about the institution and academic experience of the author. The information is usually displayed in the author's contact address.

Example of using information resources for Thesis Writing

Thesis Title: several key technologies of Financial computer systems and their online applications
Opening Report: mainly discusses the use of computer technology and network technology in the financial field, as well as the online application of financial computer systems and several key technologies, including real-time, fault tolerance, RAID system, security, reliability, availability, integrity, and confidentiality. This topic is of practical significance and has a certain reference value for the computer-based and networked finance field. Through preliminary query of "CALIS university degree view library", pqdd and other domestic and foreign degree view libraries, and preliminary query of "Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database", Chinese Journal Net and other important Chinese and foreign computer science abstract databases, determining this topic is appropriate, novel, non-repetitive, and has academic value and practical significance.

Subject Analysis

Subject: Computer Science; because of financial issues, you can also consider querying databases of some comprehensive or financial disciplines. The time range is: since 1990. The emergence of financial computer systems, especially online applications, is the development of computer and network technologies and the establishment of network financial credit systems in the past decade, therefore, the data query scope for this question can be later than January 1, 1990s.
Languages: mainly English and Chinese keywords: key words for this question include "Financial computersystem", security, and computer graphics interface (CGI) and client/server.

Reference resources and retrieval tools-dissertation: peking University Degree Dissertation library, CALIS university degree dissertation library, China youxiubo Master's Degree Thesis full-text database, National Science and Technology Literature center's Chinese degree dissertation library, Wanfang data group china dissertation database and ProQuest Database (pqdd) reference Database: Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, Chinese Journal network database, National Newspaper index-Science and Technology edition, and inspec, EI, SCI, CSA, CCC, and ISTP electronic journals: full-text E-journal databases for IEE/IEEE, ACM, Elsevier, John Wiley, Springer, Kluwer, and Academic Press: analysis and Adjustment of the retrieval results of financial and economic databases such as Abi, BSP, and China-based private network-by analyzing the retrieval results, it is found that the depth of the literature is insufficient, this topic focuses on some key technologies used to construct financial computer systems. It also introduces the prototype systems of financial computer systems that have been implemented at home and abroad and provides theoretical reference for their online applications. Therefore, in the Data Query Process, the application of key technologies and the development of some prototype systems must be fully taken into account. The following adjustments must be made to the retrieval policy: security, C/S, fault tolerance, data protection, data encryption, and so on were used as key words for re-retrieval, and a batch of new retrieval results were obtained.