Introduction to Computer Science

The definition of the computer is: "Accept the user input instruction and data, through the processing of the CPU data and the logical unit, to produce or store the useful information".

The five main units of the computer include the input unit, the output unit, the control unit inside the CPU, the arithmetic logic unit and the memory.

Data flows in/out of memory is the control command issued by the CPU, and the data that the CPU is actually processing is completely from memory.

CPU is mainly divided into simplified instruction set (RISC) and complex instruction set (CISC) system according to design concept.

As for the frequency portion of the CPU, FSB refers to the speed at which the CPU and external components transmit data, and the multiplier is a multiple of the CPU used to speed up the performance, which multiplies the CPU's frequency speed.

General motherboard chipset is divided into North Bridge and South Bridge, North Bridge bus called System bus, because it is the main channel of memory transmission, so faster. The South Bridge is the so-called input/output (I/O) bus, mainly in connection with the hard disk, USB, network card and other interface devices.

The frequency supported by the North Bridge is called the front-end bus speed (Front Side BUS,FSB), and the number of bits per transmission is the bus width.

The amount of data that the CPU can process each time is called the word size (word size), and the size of the group is 32 bits and 64 bits according to the CPU's design. We now call the computer is 32 or 64 bits mainly based on the CPU parsing the size of the word group!

The main components of the memory of a personal computer are dynamic random access memory, which uses static random access memory (SRAM), and the second layer of cache inside the CPU.

The BIOS (Basic Input Output System) is a program that writes dead to a memory chip on the motherboard, which can record data when there is no power, which is read only memory,rom.

Graphics card specifications have Pci/agp/pcie, the current mainstream for the PCIe interface.

The hard disk is composed of a disc, a mechanical arm, a head and a spindle motor, wherein the disc is composed of a sector, a track and a cylindrical surface.

The operating system (Operating System,os) is actually a set of programs that focus on managing all the activities of the computer and all the hardware in the drive system.

The computer is mainly in binary production units, commonly used disk capacity unit is byte, its unit conversion to 1byte=8bit.

The operating system is only to drive and manage the hardware, and to use hardware, you need to through the application software or shell functions, to invoke the operating system to manipulate hardware work. Currently, in addition to the above functions, the operating system usually contains the application software required for daily work.

Introduction to Computer Science