Introduction to the basics of networking in Windows XP

The network is the same or different geographical location of multiple computers through the wiring and a variety of peripherals connected to the network to achieve the information exchange between the computer and resource sharing system. Depending on the size of the connection, the network can be divided into wide area networks and local areas. This chapter takes the LAN as the main introduction object.

The development of 13.1.1 network

The computer network was created in 1954 when a terminal called a transceiver was developed to realize the dream of people sending data from punched cards to other computers on a phone line. The first generation of computer network appears, but it is only a terminal-oriented computer network, the client does not have the ability to store and process data. The second generation computer network appeared in the 1969, the second generation computer network emphasized the entirety of the network, the user can not only share the resources on the host of the network, but also can share the various hardware and software resources on other computers in the network. Until now, many small and medium-sized local area networks are still working on this network. In earlier computer networks, the same network could only use computers produced by the same manufacturer, and computers produced by different manufacturers could not interconnect, because there was no uniform interconnection standard at the time. In response to this situation, the International Organization for Standardization in 1977 proposed a standard framework for the interconnection of various computers, namely, the basic Reference Model for Open Systems Interconnection (ISO/RM). With the proposed standard, the third generation of computer network appeared, began to realize the interconnection of different computers into a network. The current computer network is the standard of work. After the 1990s, with the advent of digital communication, the fourth generation computer network with the characteristics of integration and high speed appeared. People can combine data, voice, image and other kinds of business into a network, in the form of binary code transmission.

The composition of the 13.1.2 network

Computer networks are generally composed of workstations, servers, peripherals and a set of communication protocols. In the computer network, the server is to provide services for the users of the network and to manage the entire network, is the core of the entire network. According to the different network functions, the server can be divided into file server, print server, communication Server, backup server and many other types. The most commonly used in the LAN is the file server. Workstations are computers that are connected to a network, and their access and departure do not affect the network. A peripheral is a connection or connection device used to connect a server to a workstation, such as a network adapter, hub (hub), coaxial cable, twisted pair, optical cable, switch, and so on.

Communication protocol refers to the rules of communication between computers in a network. In the local area network, the commonly used communication protocol has netbeui,ipx/spx and TCP/IP three kinds.

13.1.3 Network Structure classification

The common network structure in LAN is Peer-to-peer network and Workstation | server-type network.

Peer-to-peer network refers to the network does not need a dedicated server, the network of workstations are equal relations, each access network computer can be either a server, or a workstation. As you work, you share resources on other computers, and you provide shared resources for other computers. When another computer accesses its shared resource, it can be treated as a server and can be treated as a workstation when it accesses another computer. In a peer-to-peer network, there is also the division of the total linear Peer-to-peer network and the star-type Peer-to-peer network.

Fig. 13.4 General Line Workstation | server-type Network Diagram