The Linux Shell Scripting Fundamentals Course is all about syntax basics, annotations, variables, and environment variables, and here's the first part of the shell command and control process, where you can use three types of commands in a shell script, and the control flow is next.
1.1.5 shell command and Process Control
There are three types of commands that can be used in shell scripts:
1) Unix command:
Although you can use any Unix command in a shell script, there are some relatively common commands. These commands are usually used for file and text operations.
Common command syntax and functions
echo "Some text": Print text content on the screen
LS: File list
Wc–l filewc-w filewc-c File: Count the number of words in the file count the number of characters in the file
CP sourcefile destfile: File copy
MV oldname newname: Renaming files or moving files
RM file: Deleting files
grep ' pattern ' file: Search for strings within a file such as: grep ' searchstring ' file.txt
Cut-b colnum File: Specifies the range of files to display and outputs them to a standard output device such as: Output from 5th to 9th characters per line cut-b5-9 file.txt never be confused with cat commands, this is two completely different commands
Cat file.txt: Output file contents to standard output device (screen)
File somefile: Get the files type
Read Var: Prompts the user for input and assigns the input to the variable
Sort file.txt: Sorting rows in a file.txt file
Uniq: Delete columns that appear in a text file such as: sort File.txt | Uniq
Expr: Perform mathematical operations Example:add 2 and 3expr 2 "+" 3
Find: Search for files like: Search for Find by file name. -name Filename-print
Tee: Output data to standard output devices (screens) and files such as: Somecommand | Tee outfile
basename file: Returns a file name that does not contain a path such as: Basename/bin/tux will return Tux
DirName file: Returns the path of the files such as: Dirname/bin/tux will return/bin
Head file: Print text file at the beginning of a few lines
Tail File: Print text file at the end of a few lines
Sed:sed is a basic find-and-replace program. You can read text from standard input, such as a command pipeline, and
The result is output to standard output (screen). the command is searched using a regular expression (see Reference). Do not confuse with wildcard characters in the shell. For example: Replace Linuxfocus with Linuxfocus:cat text.file | Sed ' s/linuxfocus/linuxfocus/' > Newtext.fileawk:awk are used to extract fields from a text file. By default, the field separator is a space, and you can use-f to specify additional delimiters.
Cat File.txt | Awk-f, ' {print $ ', ' $ i} ' here we use, as field separators, while printing the first and third fields. If the contents of the file are as follows: Adam Bor, Indiakerry Miller, the USA command output is: Adam Bor, Indiakerry Miller, USA
2) Concepts: piping, redirection and Backtick
These are not system commands, but they are really important.
Pipe (|) The output of one command as input to another command.
grep "Hello" file.txt | Wc-l
Searches for a row containing "Hello" in File.txt and calculates its number of rows.
Here the output of the grep command is used as input to the WC command. Of course you can use multiple commands.
Redirect: Outputs the result of the command to a file instead of the standard output (screen).
> Write files and overwrite old files
>> add to the end of the file, preserving the contents of the old file.
Anti-Short Slash
Use a backslash to make the output of one command a command-line argument for another command.
Command:
Find. -mtime-1-type F-print
Used to find files that have been modified in the last 24 hours (-mtime–2 represents the last 48 hours). If you want to hit a package with all the files you find, you can use the following script:
#!/bin/sh
# The Ticks is Backticks (') not normal quotes ('):
TAR-ZCVF lastmod.tar.gz ' Find. -mtime-1-type F-print '
The second point is here, the following is the Linux shell Script Basic Learning we will continue to talk about the control process.
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