I. Delete useless Fedora8 kernels 1. Because of the previous upgrades, there are many kernels that occupy a lot of space, so we decided to delete them first, preferably back up the data. 2. the deletion method sometimes deletes some old kernels for various reasons. The basic steps are as follows: 1. check the kernel version of the current system, do not delete the Error # uname-r or uname-a2. delete the kernel installed in rpm mode. You can delete the kernel version directly using rpm-e. For manually compiled and installed kernels
1. Delete useless kernels of Fedora 8
1. Due to the previous upgrade, there are many kernels that occupy a lot of space, so we decided to delete them first, preferably back up the data.
2. Deletion Method
Sometimes we may delete some old kernels for various reasons. The basic steps are as follows:
1. Check the kernel version of the current system. Do not delete the error.
# Uname-r or uname-
2. Delete the kernel installed in rpm mode. You can delete the kernel version directly using rpm-e.
For manually compiled and installed kernels, it is a little troublesome to delete them.
(1) Modify/etc/grub. conf or/etc/grub/menu. lst to delete unnecessary kernel options.
(2) Delete the directory of/lib/modules/Corresponding kernel version
(3) Delete/boot/Corresponding kernel version files
For Ubuntu:
$ Dpkg -- get-selections | grep linux-image // view the kernel version name
$ Sudo apt-get remove kernel version (e.g., linux-image-2.6.15-23-386)
Ii. Upgrade the new kernel
1>. First, go to http://rpm.pbone.net/to find the following file:
Kernel-2.6.26.5-28
Kernel-headers'-2.6.26.5-28
Kernel-devel-2.6.26.5.28
2> Construction
1. Delete the 2.6.25.14 manually compiled by me.
First, delete the 2.6.25-related
Delete
Delete the source code and put it in/usr/src /.
Keep the configuration file
2. Delete 2.6.23, which is included in the system. It was previously installed with rpm.
Rpm-qa | grep kernel can be seen and deleted, so that the new
Rpm-qa | grep kernel
Kernel-headers-2.6.23.1-42.fc8
Kernel-devel-2.6.23.1-42.fc8
Kernel-2.6.23.1-42.fc8
Kernel-2.6.24.4-64.fc8
[Root @ localhost ~] # Rpm-e kernel-2.6.23.1
Deleted
[Root @ localhost ~] # Rps-e kernel-headers-2.6.23.1
Error: Failed dependencies:
Kernel-headers is needed by (installed) glibc-headers-2.7-2.i386
Kernel-headers> = 2.2.1 is needed by (installed) glibc-headers-2.7-2.i386
[Root @ localhost ~] # Rpm-qa glibc-headers
Glibc-headers-2.7-2
If you find many dependencies, use
Yum remove kernel-headers
Find that you want to delete the following (and then press Bay later)
Removing:
Kernel-headers i386 2.6.23.1-42. fc8 installed 1.9 M
Removing for dependencies:
Gcc i386 4.1.2-33 installed 9.6 M
Gcc-c ++ i386 4.1.2-33 installed 6.4 M
Gcc-gfortran i386 4.1.2-33 installed 6.6 M
Glibc-devel i386 2.7-2 installed 4.9 M
Glibc-headers i386 2.7-2 installed 2.0 M
Systemtap i386 0.5.14-1. fc8 installed 1.8 M
Then delete kernel-devel.
Successfully displayed:
[Root @ localhost ~] # Rpm-qa | grep kernel
Kernel-2.6.24.4-64.fc8
3. Install 2.6.26.5. If headers devel is not deleted, a conflict is prompted.
[Root @ localhost download] # rpm-ivhkernel-2.6.26.5-28.fc8.i686.rpm
Warning: kernel-2.6.26.5-28.fc8.i686.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID df9b0ae9
Error: Failed dependencies:
Iwl4965-firmware <228.57.2 conflicts withkernel-2.6.26.5-28.fc8.i686
Delete it.
Name: iwl4965-firmware
Arch: noarch
Version: 4.44.1.18
Release: 2
Size: 381 k
Repo: installed
Summary: Firmware for Intel PRO/Wireless 4965 A/G/N networkadaptors
Description:
This package contains the firmware required by the iwl4965 driverfor Linux.
Usage of the firmware is subject to the terms and conditionscontained
Inside the provided LICENSE file. Please read it carefully.
I don't seem to have a wireless network card.
[Root @ localhost download] # yum remove iwl4965-firmware
Then install it.
[Root @ localhost download] # rpm-qa | grep kernel
Kernel-2.6.26.5-28.fc8
Kernel-2.6.24.4-64.fc8
Successful
[Root @ localhost download] # rpm-ivhkernel-headers-2.6.26.5-28.fc8.i386.rpm
Warning: kernel-headers-2.6.26.5-28.fc8.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSAsignature: NOKEY, key ID 6df2196f
Preparing... ######################################## ### [100%]
1: kernel-headers ##################################### ###### [100%]
[Root @ localhost download] # rpm-ivhkernel-devel-2.6.26.5-28.fc8.i686.rpm
Warning: kernel-devel-2.6.26.5-28.fc8.i686.rpm: Header V3 DSAsignature: NOKEY, key ID 6df2196f
Preparing... ######################################## ### [100%]
1: kernel-devel ##################################### ###### [100%]
[Root @ localhost download] # rpm-qa | grep kernel
Kernel-devel-2.6.26.5-28.fc8
Kernel-2.6.26.5-28.fc8
Kernel-2.6.24.4-64.fc8
Kernel-headers-2.6.26.5-28.fc8
This installation is successful.
4. Test
View/boot
/Lib/modules
/Usr/src/kernels
/Boot/grub. conf
The installation is completed automatically, the corresponding files are in the file, and the new kernel is started by default.
5. Restart
[Ninga @ localhost ~] $ Uname-r
2.6.26.5-28. fc8
6. Install the associated files just deleted, mainly gcc
Yum install gcc-c ++ gcc-gfortran
Installing:
Gcc-c ++ i386 4.1.2-33 fedora 3.3 M
Gcc-gfortran i386 4.1.2-33 fedora 3.0 M
Installing for dependencies:
Gcc i386 4.1.2-33 fedora 5.2 M
Glibc-devel i386 2.7-2 fedora 2.0 M
Glibc-headers i386 2.7-2 fedora 609 k
[Root @ localhost ~] # Yum install systemtap
7. Keep it for 2.6.24. After all, it cannot take up much space. In addition, the kernel-headersdevel version should be the same as the kernel version. Otherwise, problems may occur, such as the virtualbox installation.