Linuxlvm logical volume management

I. test environment software tool for logical volume management in linux: vmware System platform: linux9.0 hardware configuration: two independent hard disks 2: Test steps: 1. install the second hard disk in linux; 2. partition the second hard disk. 3. convert the partition type to the linuxlvm type. 4. create a physical volume. 5. create a volume group. 6.

I. logical volume management in linux

Test Environment

Software tools: vmware

System platform: linux9.0

Hardware configuration: two independent hard disks

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II. test procedure:

1. install the second hard disk in linux;

2. partition the second hard disk;

3. convert the partition type to the linux lvm type;

4. create a physical volume;

5. create a volume group;

6. create a logical volume;

7. format the logical volume, mount the logical volume, and read the mount point;

8. dynamically append or reduce the size of the logical volume to verify data integrity and security;

9. lvm management operations;

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III. test process

1. partition the second hard disk and convert its type to linuxlvm

[Root @ www root] # fdisk/dev/sdb // partitions sdb;

Command (m for help): p // Print the partition table without any partitions

Disk/dev/sdb: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065*512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks IdSystem

Command (m for help): n // Create a partition;

Command action

E extended

P primary partition (1-4)

P // select the primary partition;

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-522, default 1 ):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder or + size or + sizeM or + sizeK (1-522, default 522): + 200 M // you can specify the partition size;

// Follow the same method to create the Second and Third Partitions. then, check the partition table to confirm that there are no errors;

Command (m for help): p

Disk/dev/sdb: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065*512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks IdSystem

/Dev/sdb1 1 25 200781 83 Linux

/Dev/sdb2 26 50 200812 + 83 Linux

/Dev/sdb3 51 75 200812 + 83 Linux

Command (m for help): t // you can change the partition type;

Partition number (1-4): 1 // enter the number of the Partition to be changed;

Hex code (type L to list codes): L // view the partition type code table;

0 Empty 1c Hidden Win95 FA 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid

1 FAT12 1e Hidden Win95 FA 75 PC/IX beSolaris boot

2 XENIX root 24 nec dos 80 Old Minix c1DRDOS/sec (FAT-

3 XENIX usr 39 Plan 9 81 Minix/oldLin c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-

4 FAT16

Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e // select 8e, that is, linux lvm type;

Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)

// Set other partitions in the same way. The final result is as follows;

Command (m for help): p

Disk/dev/sdb: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065*512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks IdSystem

/Dev/sdb1 1 25 200781 8e Linux LVM

/Dev/sdb2 26 50 200812 + 8e Linux LVM

/Dev/sdb3 51 75 200812 + 8e Linux LVM

Command (m for help): w // Save the partition table;

The partition table has beenaltered!

Calling ioctl () to re-read partitiontable.

Syncing disks.

[Root @ www root] # reboot // restart the computer;

2. create physical volumes, Volume groups, and logical volumes, and scan and view volume information;

[Root @ www root] # pvcreate/dev/sdb1/dev/sdb2/dev/sdb3 // initialize the partition as a physical volume;

Pvcreate -- physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created

Pvcreate -- physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created

Pvcreate -- physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created

[Root @ www root] # pvscan // scan the physical volume. The information shows that the physical volume does not belong to any volume group;

Pvscan -- reading all physical volumes (this may take a while ...)

Pvscan -- inactive PV "/dev/sdb1" is inno VG [196.08 MB]

Pvscan -- inactive PV "/dev/sdb2" is inno VG [196.11 MB]

Pvscan -- inactive PV "/dev/sdb3" is inno VG [196.11 MB]

Pvscan -- total: 3 [588.29 MB]/in use: 0 [0]/in no VG: 3 [588.29 MB]

[Root @ www root] # vgscan // scan the volume Group to create the lvmtab file and lvmtab. d Directory

Vgscan -- reading all physical volumes (this may take a while ...)

Vgscan -- "/etc/lvmtab" and "/etc/lvmtab. d" successfully created

Vgscan -- WARNING: This program does notdo a VGDA backup of your volume group

[Root @ www root] # vgcreate hdqh/dev/sdb1/dev/sdb2/dev/sdb3 // Create a volume group hdqh;

Vgcreate -- INFO: using default physicalextent size 4 MB

Vgcreate -- INFO: maximum logical volumesize is 255.99 Gigabyte

Vgcreate -- doing automatic backup ofvolume group "hdqh"

Vgcreate -- volume group "hdqh" successfully created and activated

[Root @ www root] # vgscan // scan again. an active volume group hdqh appears;

Vgscan -- reading all physical volumes (this may take a while ...)

Vgscan -- found active volume group "hdqh"

Vgscan -- "/etc/lvmtab" and "/etc/lvmtab. d" successfully created

Vgscan -- WARNING: This program does notdo a VGDA backup of your volume group

[Root @ www root] # pvscan // view the physical volume again, which belongs to the volume group hdqh;

Pvscan -- reading all physical volumes (this may take a while ...)

Pvscan -- active pv "/dev/sdb1" of VG "hdqh" [188 MB/188 MB free]

Pvscan -- active pv "/dev/sdb2" of VG "hdqh" [188 MB/188 MB free]

Pvscan -- active pv "/dev/sdb3" of VG "hdqh" [188 MB/188 MB free]

Pvscan -- total: 3 [588.29 MB]/in use: 3 [588.29 MB]/in no VG: 0 [0]

[Email = root @ www] root @ www [/email]

Root] #LvsCan // scan the logical volume. no logical volume information is found;

Lvscan -- no logical volumes found

[Root @ www root] # lvcreate-n data-L 200 hdqh // create a logical volume data in the volume group hdqh, where-n indicates name and-L indicates size;

Lvcreate -- doing automatic backup of "hdqh"

Lvcreate -- logical volume "/dev/hdqh/data" successfully created

[Root @ www root] # lvscan // scan the logical volume again to find the/dev/hdqh/data logical volume;

Lvscan -- ACTIVE "/dev/hdqh/data" [200 MB]

Lvscan -- 1 logical volumes with 200 MBtotal in 1 volume group

Lvscan -- 1 active logical volumes

3. format the logical volume, mount the logical volume, and access its Mount point;

[Root @ www root] # mkfs-t ext3/dev/hdqh/data // format the logical volume data using the ext3 file system;

Mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)

Filesystem label =

OS type: Linux

Block size = 1024 (log = 0)

Fragment size = 1024 (log = 0)

76912 inodes, 307200 blocks

15360 blocks (5.00%) reserved for thesuper user

First data block = 1

38 block groups

8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragmentsper group

2024 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

8193,245 77, 40961,573 45, 221185

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (8192 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystemaccounting information: done

This filesystem will be automaticallychecked every 25 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Usetune2fs-c or-I to override.

[Root @ www root] # mkdir/mnt/lvm // Create a mount point;

[Root @ www root] # mount/dev/hdqh/data/mnt/lvm // mount the logical volume data to the mount point;

[Root @ www root] # cd/mnt/lvm

[Root @ www lvm] # ls // The following are access operations and uninstallation;

Lost + found

[Root @ www lvm] # touch aa

[Root @ www lvm] # cp/etc/passwd ./

[Root @ www lvm] # ll

Total usage 14

-Rw-r -- 1 root 0 May 25 17: 04aa

Drwx ------ 2 root 12288 May 25 17: 03 lost + found

-Rw-r -- 1 root 1430 May 25 17: 04 passwd

[Root @ www lvm] # cd

[Root @ www root] # umount/mnt/lvm

4. lv, vg, and pv Management

---- Logical volume management

// Append a m space to the logical volume and verify the previous data;

[Root @ www root] # umount/mnt/lvm // ensure that the logical volume is not mounted and used;

[Root @ www root] # e2fsadm-L + 100/dev/hdqh/data // or use the command lvextent. the function is the same;

E2fsck 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)

Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, andsizes

Pass 2: Checking directory structure

Pass 3: Checking directoryconnectivity

Pass 4: Checking reference counts

Pass 5: Checking group summaryinformation

/Dev/hdqh/data: 13/63488 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 12144/253952 blocks

Lvextend -- extending logical volume "/dev/hdqh/data" to 400 MB

Lvextend -- doing automatic backup ofvolume group "hdqh"

Lvextend -- logical volume "/dev/hdqh/data" successfully extended

Resize2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)

Begin pass 1 (max = 19)

Extending the inode tableXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Begin pass 2 (max = 1)

Relocating blocksXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Begin pass 3 (max = 31)

Scanning inode tableXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Begin pass 5 (max = 23)

Moving inode tableXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

The filesystem on/dev/hdqh/data is now409600 blocks long.

E2fsadm -- ext2fs in logical volume/dev/hdqh/data successfully extended to 400 MB

[Root @ www root] # mount/dev/hdqh/data/mnt/lvm // mount the logical volume and view the content in it;

[Root @ www root] # ll/mnt/lvm

Total usage 14

-Rw-r -- 1 root 0 May 25 17: 04aa

Drwx ------ 2 root 12288 May 25 17: 03 lost + found

-Rw-r -- 1 root 1430 May 25 17: 04 passwd

[Root @ www root] # umount/mnt/lvm

// Subtract 50 m space from the logical volume and verify the previous data in it;

[Root @ www root] # e2fsadm-L-50/dev/hdqh/data

E2fsadm -- rounding size up to physicalextent boundary

E2fsck 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)

Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, andsizes

Pass 2: Checking directory structure

Pass 3: Checking directoryconnectivity

Pass 4: Checking reference counts

Pass 5: Checking group summaryinformation

/Dev/hdqh/data: 13/102400 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 17057/409600 blocks

Resize2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)

Begin pass 3 (max = 50)

Scanning inode tableXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

The filesystem on/dev/hdqh/data is now356352 blocks long.

Lvreduce -- WARNING: reducing activelogical volume to 348 MB

Lvreduce -- this may destroy your data (filesystem etc .)

Lvreduce -- doing automatic backup ofvolume group "hdqh"

Lvreduce -- logical volume "/dev/hdqh/data" successfully reduced

E2fsadm -- ext2fs in logical volume/dev/hdqh/data successfully reduced to 348 MB

[Root @ www root] # mount/dev/hdqh/data/mnt/lvm

[Root @ www root] # ll/mnt/lvm

Total usage 14

-Rw-r -- 1 root 0 May 25 17: 04aa

Drwx ------ 2 root 12288 May 25 17: 03 lost + found

-Rw-r -- 1 root 1430 May 25 17: 04 passwd

[Root @ www root] # umount/mnt/lvm

[Root @ www root] # lvremove/dev/hdqh/data // remove the logical volume from the volume Group;

Lvremove -- do you really want to remove "/dev/hdqh/data "? [Y/n]: y

Lvremove -- doing automatic backup ofvolume group "hdqh"

Lvremove -- logical volume "/dev/hdqh/data" successfully removed

[Root @ www root] # lvscan // scan the logical volume again;

Lvscan -- no logical volumes found

---- Physical volume and volume Group management

// Remove the physical volume sdb2 from the volume group hdqh; but move the data to other physical volumes before the removal;

[Root @ www root] # pvmove/dev/sdb2 // move data in sdb2 to other TSL volumes;

Pvmove -- moving physical extents inactive volume group "hdqh"

Pvmove -- WARNING: if you lose powerduring the move you may need

To restore your LVM metadata frombackup!

Pvmove -- do you want to continue? [Y/n] y // confirm your operation;

/Dev/hdqh/group:/dev/hdqh/data: 08128576,081 1 8576

/Dev/hdqh/group:/dev/hdqh/data: 081216768,081 1 16768

/Dev/hdqh/group:/dev/hdqh/data: 081224960,081 1 24960

........................

/Dev/hdqh/group:/dev/hdqh/data: 0812369024,081 1 369024

/Dev/hdqh/group:/dev/hdqh/data: 0812377216,081 1 377216

/Dev/hdqh/group:/dev/hdqh/data: 0812385408,081 1 385408

Pvmove -- doing automatic backup ofvolume group "hdqh"

Pvmove -- 47 extents of physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully moved

[Root @ www root] # vgreduce hdqh/dev/hdqh/sdb2 // remove physical volumes from the volume group hdqh sdb2

[Root @ www root] # vgextent hdqh/dev/hdqh/sdb2 // add the physical volume to the volume group hdqh

[Root @ www root] # vgchange-a n/dev/hdqh

[Root @ www root] # vgremove/dev/hdqh