M40 Backbone Router Overview (1)

Challenge: reliability issues during rapid growth

---- The Internet backbone network is constantly facing pressure from providing faster response time and higher reliability to customers. At the same time, the routing and packet forwarding technology lags behind the development of the Internet. This delay makes it more difficult to maintain network stability when facing the rapid growth of the network. As the Internet backbone network develops towards a faster rate of optical fiber, network designers need a new generation of routing devices that can combine the characteristics of Optical Fiber Rate forwarding and operation control, this allows operators to quickly and reliably expand their networks.

M40: the cornerstone of the Internet core network

---- Juniper M40 Internet backbone network router is designed to meet the high-speed growth needs of operators. It provides market-leading packet forwarding rates, unparalleled port density and flexibility in port configuration, and first-class Internet software. M40 enables carriers to increase their backbone network speed to OC-48 while providing necessary traffic engineering tools to ensure control over their business and network capacity usage. In addition, M40 can use the Rack Space of POP most effectively, providing the highest port density and the best performance on the market today. The low power consumption of M40 also provides the best solution for effective use of POP power. Finally, to ensure the network's indestructible stability, the M40 can handle abnormal network pressure environments during peak service loads and link faults.

Speed and Control in high-speed growing networks

Internet processor: Packet forwarding at the Optical Fiber Rate

---- M40 uses the advanced ASIC design developed by Juniper to achieve the forwarding performance at the optical fiber speed. The core of the M40 packet forwarding engine PFE is the Internet processor. The Internet processor with over 1 million gateway circuits is the largest route query ASIC used on the router so far. The Internet processor can query tens of millions of packets per second. It is currently the fastest routing query engine in the market and can provide data throughput of more than 40 Gbps. The Internet processor can also provide header statistics over 20 mpps.

　

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Juniper Networks's M40 Backbone Router provides market-leading forwarding performance, unparalleled port density and flexibility, and the best Internet software.

---- The query rate of all routes reflects the condition that all packets and all queries are queried in the longest matching route table on the hardware. Because there is no cache mechanism in the M40 system, there is no risk of cache loss. In addition, the forwarding table can be updated without affecting the forwarding rate. The Internet processor is programmable and supports four different forwarding tables at the same time-Layer 2 and Layer 3. Currently, the supported protocols include IPv4 single-point transmission and multi-point transmission) and MPLS. Finally, the performance of the Internet processor is independent of the query length and the forwarding table size. With the increasing demand for Internet bandwidth, the Internet processor and PFE structure will be the basic components of the Juniper platform in the future.

JUNOS Internet software: Traffic Engineering and Control

---- Protocols and software tools used to control and guide network traffic are very important for Internet backbone network routing solutions. In fact, when a carrier wants to stand out in the competition by providing various value-added services, the size and complexity of the backbone network will increase accordingly, which makes software control more important.

　

JUNOS Internet software: the modular design of JUNOS enables reliability and fast performance to provide new features.

---- As the basis of control, the M40 routing engine enables JUNOS Internet software to have many features. The software provides a series of routing protocols widely used on the Internet. The JUNOS software provides BGP4, IS-IS, OSPF, DVMRRP, and PTM protocols, the implementation of these protocols is developed by the design team of Juniper Networks, which has rich experience in solving the problem of fast expansion of Internet backbone network operators.

---- The JUNOS software has a modular structure. Every separate program runs on an independent operating system and protects the memory. Unlike the non-structured and unprotected operating systems, the modification of the JUNOS software to a module does not affect other parts of the system, thus improving the reliability of the entire system. In addition, each module maintains a clear interface to facilitate software development and maintenance, and can respond to user needs and launch new functions more quickly.

---- The JUNOS software provides a new level of traffic engineering capability through its Multi-Protocol Label exchange MPLS) implementation. The MPLS of JUNOS has developed along with the existing IETF standards. It adds its enhanced visibility feature to business parameters and controls the path selected when the business passes the network. Channel selection enables the operator to control the business, so as to effectively use the network capacity, to avoid blocking. MPLS and traffic engineering will become an important tool for operators to expand their networks.

Efficient and flexible design

Market-leading port density per inch rack

---- Juniper M40 Internet backbone network router provides industry-leading port density to ensure the effective use of valuable POP Rack Space. For a 35 inch chassis, the M40 router provides 8 OC-48/STM-16, 32 OC-12/STM-4, 128 OC-3/STM-1 or 128 DS3 interfaces. Because the forwarding engine is designed to be surplus, all interfaces can operate on any package size at a wire speed. The number of ports for each interface is shown in table 1.

　

Interface	Port/M40	Port/7 m rack
OC-48/STM-16 SONET/SDH	8	16
OS-12/STM-4TM	32	64
OC-12/STM-4 SONET/SDH	32	64
OS-3/STM-1ATM	64	128
OC-3/STM-1 SONET/SDH	128	256
DS3	128	256
Gigabit Ethernet	24	48

---- Table 1: M40 port density: M40 provides unparalleled density and power consumption performance.

　

Flexible PIC concentrator FPC) can contain up to 4 PIC. Up to 32 PIC records can be accommodated on each M40 chassis.

Unparalleled interface configuration flexibility

---- The M40 router has the most flexible combination of backbone network interface speed in the current market. The M40 interface is a physical interface card PIC, which is installed on a flexible PIC concentrator FPC) board. M40 has a total of 8 FPC slots, each of which supports up to 4 PIC, with a collection bandwidth higher than 2.5 Gbps and full duplex operations. In addition to line rate interfaces that support a single OC-48, each FPC supports a combination of OC-2, 0C-3SONET, and ATM, and DS3 interfaces, supporting mixed use of multiple interfaces on the same FPC. Supported PIC interfaces include:

• 1-port OC-48/STM-16SONET/SDH Note: OC-48 speed PIC occupies all 4 PIC slots on FPC)
• 1-port OC-12/STM-4 SONET/SDH
• 1-port OC-12/STM-4 ATM
• 4-port OC-3/STM-1 SONET/SDH
• 2-port OC-3/STM-1 ATM
• 4-port DS3
• 1-port Gigabit Ethernet

　

Service level flexibility

---- M40 is designed for applications of different service levels. The M40 queuing mechanism is based on the weighted round robin method selected for multiple queues on the output interface. The corresponding discard configuration can be configured for the queue to control the packet discard rate based on the utilization of the cache capacity. You can set Random Early Detection configurations to support TCP streams.

---- M40 provides great flexibility for carriers to set customer service levels. Service level settings can be based on the destination address, physical input interface, IPv4 priority bit, MPLS CoS bit, virtual circuit, Next Hop address, and encapsulation type. M40 also has the ability to re-allocate the input packet priority. In addition, the input part uses the token bucket mechanism for rate policy control to ensure the user's CIR commitment information rate) Type of business. Finally, the funnel bucket mechanism is used to perform rate shaping on the output port.

Low Power Consumption.

---- Space is not the only resource that the operator lacks. As POP increases, the number of operators increases and power consumption becomes more and more important. In fact, the ability to provide sufficient power is a limiting factor in whether a device can support large networks. Due to the adoption of a few components and the optimization design, the power consumption of the M40 router of Juniper network company cannot exceed 1700 W 35A @ 48 V in full configuration ), provides the best performance and the maximum number of ports per watt. This low power consumption not only makes the operation more effective, but also reduces the requirements for the cooling system, which saves energy and makes the POP more economical and effective.

Ensure high network stability

Design for exception Conditions

---- Today's backbone networks are designed with redundancy to prevent faults at any location of the network. When a link fails, the traffic mode changes dramatically, and the network must handle the fault without adding other unstable factors. To ensure the integrity of the network design, the backbone network router must be designed to work in exceptional conditions. When a router on a link receives the traffic transferred due to a link failure, it must be able to connect the traffic without reducing the reliability of the entire network.

---- The M40 structure is designed to reliably handle network exceptions in several aspects. For the interface speed, the route query capability of the Internet processor is "super large ". In addition, interfaces share the cache, And the buffer capability can accommodate large burst data packets. Therefore, even for small data packets, the M40 can simultaneously forward the base line rate on all interfaces. At the same time, the routing and forwarding functions in M40 are separated, so that route table re-computing caused by local route instability does not interrupt packet forwarding.

Designed for Reliability

---- In addition to maintaining network reliability, the design of the M40 router also ensures the stability of its system. The M40 cooling system is completely redundant, ensuring that system faults are not caused by faults of individual fans or impeller. Similarly, the M40 dual power supply is completely redundant, and each power module can provide all the power consumption load required by the system. In addition, the M40 can be started from any redundant storage media to ensure that the system remains running when the disk fails. For software reliability, JUNOS software has a modular design structure that protects the mode. Each process runs on an independent operating system and protects the memory. The modular design prevents system faults and ensures that modifications to some modules do not affect other parts of the code library. Finally, a small number of components are combined with effective design to ensure the First-stream reliability of the M40 system.

M40 applications

Flexible and scalable super POP design

---- M40 combines advanced forwarding performance, interface flexibility, and rich software control functions to become the ideal Internet backbone network router. The flexibility of the M40 router's JUNOS Internet software compatibility enables M40 to be seamlessly installed in today's super POP environment, while providing an effective way to expand the backbone network to a higher speed.

---- The interface type of the M40 router provides great flexibility for backbone network operators when designing a super POP structure. M40 and Internet processors and high-speed OC-48 and 0C-12 interfaces enable the M40 router to connect directly with SDH/SONET transmission equipment and ATM switching equipment. M40 can provide exchange connections between ATM and Gigabit Ethernet POP. The port density of M40 saves valuable super POP space while providing redundant backup of backbone network connections. At the same time, M40 can also be used as a very attractive solution to combine DS3 access circuit and OC-3 circuit of ATM or SONET together. The diversity and high density of interfaces enable the operator to increase the link and conversion rate without configuring a new router.

　

Today's super POP: M40 provides great flexibility, can adapt to today's super POP structure, and has the scalability to make the network continue to grow.	Super POP in the future: the performance grade and port density enable operators to stably expand the network to the gibit rate.

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