Network commands: Ping, ipconfig, tracert, Netstat, ARP

Today, there is a POS device to the Internet, do not know his MAC address, can not allocate IP, only binding IP to the Internet.

First give a random set of IP. With a ping command, comment, the device is pass. Then use ARP-A to view the MAC address of the ARP list.

method is very practical. The special note. Generally do not think of it. Oh

1. Ping

This program is used to detect the time required for a frame of data to be transmitted from the current host to the destination host. It by sending some
Small packets and receive response information to determine whether the network is connected between two computers . Occurs when the network is running
In case of failure, it is very effective to use this utility to predict the fault and determine the source of the fault . If you do not ping
Work, you can predict the failure occurs in the following areas:

If the network cable is connected and the adapter is configured correctly,
Whether the IP address is available and so on;

If the ping is successful and the network is still unavailable, then the problem is likely to be in the software configuration of the network system,

Ping success only guarantees that there is a connected physical path between the current host and the destination host.

It also provides a number of parameters, such as-T, that allow the current host to continuously send data to the destination host until you use CTRL
c interrupts;-n can determine the number of times it sends to the destination host, and so on.

The ping command has the following format: (Enter ping in the command line state to display its format and parameters in English)

ping [-t] [a] [-N Count] [l-size] [-f] [-i-TTL] [-v TOS] [-R Count] [-S
Count] [[-j host-list] | [k Host-list]] [-w timeout] Destination-list

The parameters are described below:

-T causes the current host to continuously send data to the destination host until the ctrl-c interrupt is used;

-A displays the network address in the IP address format (not the host name);

-N count specifies how many times you want to ping, where count is a positive integer value;

The size of the packet sent by-L size;-F Setting the Echo grouping is not grouped by intermediate gateways;

The-i TTL specifies the ping group time domain, which is the number of gateways that should elapse before stopping the reached address;

The type of the-V TOS service;-R count indicates the number of rotations (go and back) to record the route;

-S count specifies the time for each round of routing when the-r parameter is used;

-j Host-list Specifies the route that you want to group;

K-Host-list and-j parameters are basically the same, just can not use the additional host;

-w timeout Specifies the timeout interval (in milliseconds) and defaults to 1000;

Generally we use more of the parameters-T,-N,-W.

Example: If ping a network address www.sohu.com, it appears: "Reply from 202.106.156.197:
bytes=32 time=541ms ttl=245 "means that the line between the local and the network address is unblocked;
Now "Request timed out", it means that the small packets sent at this time can not reach the destination, at this time there may be two kinds of
, one is that the network is disconnected, and there is a poor network connectivity. You can also use a ping with parameters at this time
To determine which is the case.

Example: Ping www.sohu.com-t-W 3000 continually sends numbers to the destination host
According to, and the response time increases to 3000ms, at this time if all is display "Reply timed out", then represents the network
Does not make sense between, if not all show "Reply times out" means that this site is still pass, just response
Long or poor communication status. Some people use the TTL value to determine the operating system, rock Ice thinks, relatively speaking, a bit unreal.

2. Ipconfig (winipcfg/ifconfig)

Both winipcfg and Ipconfig are used to display configuration information for the IP protocol within the host. Just winipcfg apply to
Windows 95/98, while ipconfig applies to Windows NT, Ifconfig is on UNIX systems.

Winipcfg does not use parameters and runs it directly, it displays specific information in the form of a Windows window.

This information includes the physical address of the network adapter, the IP address of the host, the subnet mask, and the default gateway.

Click on "Other Information", you can also view the host information such as: Host name, DNS server, node type, and so on.

The physical address of the network adapter is useful when detecting network errors.

The ipconfig command format is as follows:

ipconfig [/? |/all |/release [Adapter] |/renew [Adapter]]

The parameters are described below:

/? An English description of the format and parameters of the ipconfig display;

/ALL Display all the configuration information;

/release Free IP addresses (DHCP only) for the specified adapter (or all adapters);

/renew updates the IP address for the specified adapter (or all adapters) (DHCP only).

Use the ipconfig command with no parameters to get the following information: IP address, subnet mask, default gateway. and make
With Ipconfig/all, you get more information: Host name, DNS server, node type, network adapter
The physical address of the device, the IP address of the host, the subnet mask, and the default gateway .

3. Tracert

The function of this program is to determine the path through which the packet arrives at the destination host, the relay node that shows the packet passing through,
List and arrival time .

The format of the TRACERT command is as follows:

tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host-list] [w timeout] Target_name

The parameter description is as follows:

-D does not resolve the host name;

-h maximum_hops Specifies the maximum number of rotations to be searched to the destination address;

-j Host-list releases the source route along the host list;-w timeout Specifies the time-out interval (in milliseconds).

Since most of our technology network uses satellite Internet, the domestic cost is free, while the international cost 4 yuan/M, therefore, must use
Tracert order to determine whether a site is a domestic or international site (not only by. CN to judge), such as
159.226.1.189 This route appears in the routing table, which means that the site belongs to an international website and charges
Use. If 159.226.1.189 does not appear in the routing table, it means that the site belongs to a domestic site and is free
Use. Under Unix There is a tool called traceroute, a diagnostic tool written by Van Jacobson, functional
With.

4. Netstat

This program helps us understand the overall use of the network . It can show when the previously active network is connected to the
Details , such as the protocol type used, the IP address of the current host and the remote-connected host (one or more), and
The connection status between them and so on.

Use Netstat. You can display its command format and parameter descriptions.

The netstat command format is as follows:

netstat [-a] [E] [-n] [-S] [P proto] [-r] [interval] The parameters described are as follows:

-a displays the port number of all hosts;

-e displays Ethernet statistics;

-N displays addresses and ports in a numeric form;

-p proto Displays specific usage information for specific protocols;

-R Displays the contents of the native routing table;

-S shows the use status of each protocol (including TCP, UDP, IP);

Interval the selected state again, each time the number of intervals between displays (in seconds), press CTRL + C to abort the RE
Show.

5, ARP

ARP commands are mainly used to display and modify the specific IP address of the network card address , in fact many very practical functions, I will no longer

One by one repeat, rock ice also remember once wrote for Arp detailed method.

Use ARP/? To display its command format and parameter descriptions.

The ARP command format is as follows:

Arp-s inet_addr eth_addr [if_addr]

Arp-d inet_addr [if_addr]

arp-a [INET_ADDR] [-N if_addr]

The parameters are described below:

inet_addr IP address;

ETH_ADDR Ethernet card address;

-a displays the network card address of an IP address (without an IP address, displaying the NIC address of all activated IP addresses) (
You should ping an IP address before using this parameter;

-D deletes the host of the specified IP address;

-S to increase the host and IP address corresponding to the Ethernet card address.

To run these programs, simply type the command line in the DOS mode or the Windows Start menu's Run bar
into the program name. Using these programs flexibly will not only give you a general idea of your host's use of the network.
, also can carry on the corresponding network management work, example detects the network line is unblocked, the local area network whether someone steals
IP address, and so on.

Note that in the use of these commands, the host address is followed by the remaining 3 commands (PING,TRACERT,ARP), except for the host address (&NBSP
IP address or host name) after the winipcfg (ipconfig) and Netstat commands.