Practical. Htaccess usage Daquan "reprint"

Reprint: Http://www.techug.com/htaccess-snippets

Here is a collection of useful. htaccess code Snippets, you can think of the use of almost all here.

Disclaimer: Although these snippets are copied directly into your .htaccess file, most of the cases are easy to use, but there are very few situations where you need to modify something. At your own risk.

Important: Apache 2.4 has incompatible modifications, especially in terms of access configuration control. For more information, please refer to this update document as well as this article.

Directory

• Re-and redirect
  • Mandatory www
  • Mandatory WWW Universal method
  • Mandatory NON-WWW
  • Mandatory Non-www General Method
  • Force HTTPS
  • Forcing HTTPS through the proxy
  • Force add trailing slash
  • Take out the trailing slash
  • Redirect to a page
  • Directory aliases
  • Script aliases
  • REDIRECT Entire site
  • A clean URL
• Safety
  • Deny All Access
  • Deny all access (exclude part)
  • Block Crawler/Rogue Access
  • Protect hidden files and directories
  • Protect backup files and source code files
  • Prohibit Directory browsing
  • Disable Picture hotlinking
  • Disable picture hotlinking (specify domain name)
  • Password protected Directory
  • Password-protected files
  • Filtering visitors via referrer
  • Prevent other Web pages from being nested
• Performance
  • Compress files
  • Set Expiration header information
  • Turn off the ETAGS flag
• Other
  • Set PHP variables
  • Custom Error Pages
  • Force download
  • Block download
  • Run cross-domain font references
  • Auto UTF-8 Encode
  • Switch PHP version
  • Disable IE Compatibility view
  • Support WEBP Picture format

Re-and redirect

Note: The server installation and the Enable module are required first mod_rewrite .

Mandatory www

Rewriteengine Onrewritecond%{http_host} ^example\.com [Nc]rewriterule ^ (. *) $ http://www.example.com/$1 [L,R=301,NC]

Mandatory WWW Universal method

Rewritecond%{http_host}!^ $RewriteCond%{http_host}!^www\. [NC] Rewritecond%{https}s ^on (s) | rewriterule ^ Http%1://www.%{http_host}%{request_uri} [R=301,l]

This method can be used in any Web site. Source

Mandatory NON-WWW

is www good, or non-www good, no conclusion, if you like not with WWW, you can use the following script:

Rewriteengine Onrewritecond%{http_host} ^www\.example\.com [Nc]rewriterule ^ (. *) $ http://example.com/$1 [L,R=301]

Mandatory Non-www General Method

Rewriteengine Onrewritecond%{http_host} ^www\. Rewritecond%{https}s ^on (s) |offrewritecond http%1://%{http_host} ^ (https?:/ /) (www\.)? (. +) $RewriteRule ^%1%3%{request_uri} [R=301,l]

Force HTTPS

Rewriteengine Onrewritecond%{https}!onrewriterule (. *) https://%{http_host}%{request_uri}# Note:it ' s Also Recommended to enable HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) # on your HTTPS website to help prevent Man-in-the-middle Atta cks.# See Https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Security/HTTP_strict_transport_security<IfModule Mod_ Headers.c>    Header always set strict-transport-security "max-age=31536000; Includesubdomains "</IfModule>

Forcing HTTPS through the proxy

This method is useful for you if you use a proxy.

Rewritecond%{http:x-forwarded-proto}!httpsrewriterule (. *) Https://%{http_host}%{request_uri}

Force add trailing slash

Rewritecond%{request_uri}/+[^\.] + $RewriteRule ^ (. +[^/]) $%{request_uri}/[r=301,l]

Take out the trailing slash

Rewritecond%{request_filename}!-drewriterule ^ (. *)/$/$1 [r=301,l]

Redirect to a page

Redirect 301/oldpage.html http://www.example.com/newpage.htmlRedirect 301/oldpage2.html http://www.example.com/folder/

Source

Directory aliases

Rewriteengine onrewriterule ^source-directory/(. *) target-directory/$1

Script aliases

fallbackresource/index.fcgi

This example have index.fcgi a file in some directory, and any requests within the that directory that is fail to resolve a filename/d Irectory'll is sent to the index.fcgi script. It ' s good if you want to being baz.foo/some/cool/path handled by baz.foo/index.fcgi (which also supports requests to baz.foo ) while maintaining baz.foo/css/style.css and the Like. Get access to the original path from the PATH_INFO environment variable, as exposed to your scripting environment.

Rewriteengine onrewriterule ^$ index.fcgi/[Qsa,l]rewritecond%{request_filename}!-frewritecond%{REQUEST_FILENAME}! -drewriterule ^ (. *) $ index.fcgi/$1 [qsa,l]

This was a less efficient version of the Fallbackresource directive (because using was more complex than just handling mod_rewrite FallbackResourcethe directive), but it's also more flexible.

REDIRECT Entire site

Redirect 301/http://newsite.com/

This is the does it with links intact. That's is would www.oldsite.com/some/crazy/link.html become www.newsite.com/some/crazy/link.html . This was extremely helpful when you were just "moving" a site to a new domain. Source

A clean URL

This snippet lets the "clean" urls-those without a PHP extension, e.g. example.com/users instead. example.com/users.php

Rewriteengine Onrewritecond%{script_filename}!-drewriterule ^ ([^.] +) $ $1.php [nc,l]

Source

Security denies all access

# # Apache 2.2Deny from all## Apache 2.4# Require all denied

But wait, this would lock you out from your content as well! Thus Introducing ...

Deny all access (exclude part)

# # Apache 2.2Order Deny,allowdeny from Allallow to xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx## Apache 2.4# Require all denied# Require IP xxx.xxx. Xxx.xxx

xxx.xxx.xxx.xxxIs your IP. If you replace the last three digits with 0/12 For example, this would specify a range of IPs within the same network, thus Saving the trouble to list all allowed IPs separately. Source

Now of course there ' s a reversed version:

Block Crawler/Rogue Access

# # Apache 2.2Order deny,allowallow from Alldeny from Xxx.xxx.xxx.xxxDeny to xxx.xxx.xxx.xxy## Apache 2.4# Require all GR anted# Require not IP xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx# Require not IP xxx.xxx.xxx.xxy

Protect hidden files and directories

Hidden files and directories (those whose names start with a dot . ) should most, if not all, of the time be secured. F or example: .htaccess ,,, .htpasswd .git .hg .....

Rewritecond%{script_filename}-D [Or]rewritecond%{script_filename}-frewriterule "(^|/) \."-[F]

Alternatively, you can just raise a Not Found error, giving the attacker dude no clue:

Redirectmatch 404/\. *$

Protect backup files and source code files

These files May is left by some text/html editors (like Vi/vim) and pose a great security danger if exposed to public.

<filesmatch "(\. ( BAK|CONFIG|DIST|FLA|INC|INI|LOG|PSD|SH|SQL|SWP) |~) $ ">    # Apache 2.2    Order Allow,deny    deny from all    Satisfy All    # # Apache 2.4    # Require all denied</filesmatch>

Source

Prohibit Directory browsing

Options all-indexes

Disable Picture hotlinking

Rewriteengine on# Remove The following line if you want to block blank referrer Toorewritecond%{http_referer}!^ $RewriteC Ond%{http_referer}!^http (s)?:/ /(.+\.)? example.com [Nc]rewriterule \. (jpg|jpeg|png|gif|bmp) $-[nc,f,l]# If you want to display a ' blocked ' banner in place of the hotlinked image, # replace T He above rule with:# rewriterule \. (jpg|jpeg|png|gif|bmp) http://example.com/blocked.png [r,l]

Disable picture hotlinking (specify domain name)

Sometimes want to prohibit picture hotlinking from some bad guys only.

Rewriteengine Onrewritecond%{http_referer} ^http (s)?:/ /(.+\.)? badsite\.com [Nc,or]rewritecond%{http_referer} ^http (s)?:/ /(.+\.)? badsite2\.com [Nc,or]rewriterule \. (jpg|jpeg|png|gif) $-[nc,f,l]# If you want to display a ' blocked ' banner in place of the hotlinked image, # Replace the A Bove rule with:# rewriterule \. (jpg|jpeg|png|gif|bmp) http://example.com/blocked.png [r,l]

Password protected Directory

First need to create a .htpasswd file somewhere in the system:

Htpasswd-c/home/fellowship/.htpasswd Boromir

Then you can use it for authentication:

AuthType Basicauthname "One does not simply" Authuserfile/home/fellowship/.htpasswdrequire Valid-user

Password-protected files

AuthName "One still does not simply" AuthType basicauthuserfile/home/fellowship/.htpasswd<files "ONE-RING.O" > Require valid-user</files><filesmatch ^ ((one|two|three)-rings?\.o) $>require Valid-user</filesmatch >

Filtering visitors via referrer

This denies access for all users who is coming from (referred by) a specific domain.
Source

Rewriteengine on# Options +followsymlinksrewritecond%{http_referer} somedomain\.com [Nc,or]rewritecond%{HTTP_ REFERER} anotherdomain\.comrewriterule. *-[F]

Prevent other Web pages from being nested

This prevents the website-to is framed (i.e. put into iframe a tag) and when still allows framing for a specific URI.

Setenvif Request_uri "/starry-night" Allow_framing=trueheader set x-frame-options sameorigin env=!allow_framing

Performance Compressed Files

<ifmodule mod_deflate.c> # Force compression for mangled headers. # http://developer.yahoo.com/blogs/ydn/posts/2010/12/pushing-beyond-gzipping <ifmodule mod_setenvif.c> &lt ; Ifmodule mod_headers.c> setenvifnocase ^ (accept-encodxng| X-cept-encoding| X{15}|~{15}|-{15}) $ ^ ((gzip|deflate) \s*,?\s*) +| [x~-]        {4,13}$ have_accept-encoding requestheader append accept-encoding "Gzip,deflate" env=have_accept-encoding </IfModule> </IfModule> # Compress All output labeled with one of the following Mime-types # (for A  Pache versions below 2.3.7, you don't need to enable ' mod_filter ' # and can remove the ' <ifmodule mod_filter.c> '    and ' </IfModule> ' lines # as ' Addoutputfilterbytype ' are still in the core directives).                                       <ifmodule mod_filter.c> addoutputfilterbytype DEFLATE application/atom+xml Application/javascript ApplicatiOn/json Application/rss+xml application/vnd.ms -fontobject APPLICATION/X-FONT-TTF Application                                       /x-web-app-manifest+json Application/xhtml+xml                                       Application/xml Font/opentype Image/svg+xml                                       Image/x-icon Text/css text/html Text/plain Text/x-compo nent Text/xml </IfModule></IfModule>

Source

Set Expiration header information

Expires headers tell the browser whether they should request a specific file from the server or just grab it from The cache. It is advisable to set static content ' s expires headers to something far in the future.
If you don't control versioning with filename-based cache busting, consider lowering the cache time for resources like CSS And JS to something like 1 week. Source

<ifmodule mod_expires.c> expiresactive on ExpiresDefault "Access plus 1 m Onth "# CSS expiresbytype text/css" Access plus 1 Year "# Data interchange Expiresbyt ype Application/json "Access plus 0 seconds" Expiresbytype application/xml " Access plus 0 seconds "expiresbytype text/xml" Access plus 0 Seconds "# Favicon (Cannot b    E renamed!) Expiresbytype Image/x-icon "Access plus 1 week" # HTML components (HTCs) Expiresbytype text/x -component "Access plus 1 month" # HTML expiresbytype text/html "Acce SS Plus 0 Seconds "# JavaScript expiresbytype application/javascript" Access plus 1 year "# Manifest F           Iles expiresbytype Application/x-web-app-manifest+json "Access plus 0 seconds" Expiresbytype text/cache-manifest        "Access plus 0 seconds" # Media expiresbytype audio/ogg "Access plus 1 month" E                            Xpiresbytype image/gif "Access plus 1 month" Expiresbytype image/jpeg "Access plus 1 month" Expiresbytype image/png "Access plus 1 month" Expiresbytype  Video/mp4 "Access plus 1 month" Expiresbytype Video/ogg "access Plus 1 month "Expiresbytype VIDEO/WEBM" Access plus 1 month "# Web feeds Expiresbytype Application/atom+xml "Access plus 1 hour" Expiresbytype application/rss+xml "access plus 1 hour "# Web fonts expiresbytype application/font-woff2" Access plus 1 month "Expiresbytype AP Plication/font-woff "Access plus 1 month" Expiresbytype application/vnd.ms-fontobject "Access p LUs 1 Month "ExpiresbYType Application/x-font-ttf "Access plus 1 month" Expiresbytype Font/opentype " Access plus 1 month "Expiresbytype image/svg+xml" Access plus 1 month "</IfModule>

Turn off the ETAGS flag

ETagby removing the header, you disable caches and browsers from being able to validate files, so they is forced to rel Y on your Cache-Control and Expires header. Source

<ifmodule mod_headers.c>    Header unset etag</ifmodule>fileetag None

Miscellaneous Setting PHP variables

Php_value <key> <val># for Example:php_value upload_max_filesize 50mphp_value max_execution_time 240

Custom Error Pages

ErrorDocument "Houston, we have a problem." ErrorDocument 401 Http://error.example.com/mordor.htmlErrorDocument 404/errors/halflife3.html

Force download

Sometimes want to force the browser to download some content instead of displaying it.

<files *.md>    forcetype application/octet-stream    Header set content-disposition attachment</files >

Now there are a yang to this yin:

Block download

Sometimes you want to force the browser to display some content instead of downloading it.

<filesmatch "\. (tex|log|aux) $ ">    Header set Content-type text/plain</filesmatch>

Run cross-domain font references

Cdn-served Webfonts might not work in Firefox or IE due to CORS. This snippet solves the problem.

<ifmodule mod_headers.c>    <filesmatch "\. ( EOT|OTF|TTC|TTF|WOFF|WOFF2) $ ">        Header Set access-control-allow-origin" * "    </filesmatch></ Ifmodule>

Source

Auto UTF-8 Encode

Your text content should always be UTF-8 encoded, no?

# Use UTF-8 encoding for anything served Text/plain or text/htmladddefaultcharset utf-8# Force UTF-8 for a number of the file for Matsaddcharset utf-8. Atom. css. js. json. rss. VTT. xml

Source

Switch PHP version

If you ' re on a shared host, chances is there is more than one version of PHP installed, and sometimes you want a specifi C version for your website. For example, Laravel requires PHP >= 5.4. The following snippet should switch the PHP version for you.

AddHandler application/x-httpd-php55 php# Alternatively, you can use Addtypeaddtype application/x-httpd-php55. php

Disable IE Compatibility view

Compatibility View in IE, affect how some websites is displayed. The following snippet should force IE to use the Edge Rendering Engine and disable the compatibility View.

<ifmodule mod_headers.c>    browsermatch MSIE is-msie    Header set x-ua-compatible Ie=edge env=is-msie</ Ifmodule>

Support WEBP Picture format

If WebP images is supported and an image with a. WebP extension and the same name was found at the same place as the jpg/p Ng image that is going to being served, then the WebP image is served instead.

Rewriteengine Onrewritecond%{http_accept} image/webprewritecond%{document_root}/$1.webp-frewriterule (. +) \. (jpe?g|png) $ $1.WEBP [t=image/webp,e=accept:1]

Source

Practical. Htaccess usage Daquan "reprint"