Talking about computer

• History of the computer

The first computer was developed by the U.S. military, specifically designed to calculate ballistic and firing characteristics, and the "Moore Group", which undertakes development tasks, consists of four scientists and engineers Eckert, Mercury, Goldstein and Boksburg. 1946 This computer main component uses the electron tube. The machine uses 1500

ENIAC

A relay, 18,800 tubes, covers an area of 170m2, weighs more than 30 tons, consumes 150KW, and costs $480,000. Let the surrounding residents temporarily power off when powering on. This computer can complete 5,000 addition operations per second, 400 multiplication, 300 times times faster than the fastest calculation tool at the time, is 1000 times times the relay computer, manual calculation of 200,000 times times. By today's standards, it is such a "clumsy" and "low-level", its function is far less than a handheld programmable calculator, but it allows scientists to free from complex calculations, its birth marks the beginning of a new era of human information revolution.

First generation computers

Electronic tube computer (1946-1957) This phase of the computer is characterized by the use of tube elements as basic devices, light screen tube or mercury delayElectronic Tube ComputerCircuit for memory, input and output mainly using perforated cards or paper tape, large size, power consumption, slow, low storage capacity, poor reliability, maintenance difficult and expensive. In software, the use of machine language or assembly language is often used to write applications, so computers in this era are used primarily for scientific calculations. [1] The basic line of the computer at this time is the use of tube structure, the program from manual hand-made machine instruction program, transition to symbolic language, the first generation of computer is the beginning of the revolutionary development of computing tools, it adopted the binary system and program storage and other basic technical ideas, laid a modern computer technology foundation. Take von Neumann as the representative.

Second generation computer

Transistor computers (1958-1964) in the mid 1950s, the advent of transistors led to a fundamental development of computer production technology,Transistor ComputerThe transistor replaces the electron tube as the computer's basic device, uses the core or the drum as the memory, in the overall performance, compared with the first generation computer to have the very big enhancement. At the same time the program language also appeared correspondingly, such as fortran,cobol,algo160 and other high-level computer language. While the transistor computer is used for scientific calculation, it also begins to be applied in data processing and process control. [2] In the first generation before the 1950s, the computers were made of electronic tubes as components. Tube components in the operation of the heat generated too much, poor reliability, the speed of the operation is not fast, expensive, bulky, which makes computer development is limited. As a result, transistors began to be used as components of computers. The transistor can not only realize the function of the tube, but also has the advantages of small size, light weight, long life, high efficiency, less heat and low power consumption. With transistors, the structure of electronic circuits is greatly improved, making it easier to make high-speed computers. Computer of the third generation computer (1965-1971) The mid 1960s, small and medium scale integrated circuit computer(2 photos)With the development of semiconductor technology, integrated circuits have been successfully manufactured. Small and medium-sized integrated circuits become the main components of the computer, the main memory also gradually transition to the semiconductor memory, so that the size of the computer smaller, greatly reducing the computer power consumption, due to the reduction of solder joints and connector, and further improve the reliability of the computer. In terms of software, there are standardized programming languages and MMI-type basic languages, and their application fields are further expanded. Fourth generation computer large-scale and VLSI computers (1971-2015) with the successful production of LSI and used in computer hardware production process, the computer's volume is further reduced and the performance is further improved. The integration of higher large capacity semiconductor memory as internal memory, the development of parallel technology and multi-machine systems, the emergence of a simplified instruction set computer (RISC), software system engineering, theoretical, program design automation. Microcomputer in the social application of the scope of further expansion, almost all areas can see the computer "figure." The fifth generation computer fifth generation computer refers to the new generation computer with artificial intelligence, it has the function of reasoning, association, judgment, decision-making, learning and so on. It is not yet realized and we need to continue our efforts.

• Components of the computer

The five components of a computer

1. Controller: is the central nervous system of the whole computer, its function is to explain the control information prescribed by the program, control according to its requirements, dispatching program, data, address, coordinate the work of each part of the computer and access to memory and peripherals.
2. Datapath: The function of the operator is to perform various arithmetic and logical operations on the data, i.e. processing the data.
3. Memory: Memory function is to store programs, data and various signals, commands and other information, and when necessary to provide this information.
4. Input system: Input device is an important part of the computer, input device and output device you are external devices, referred to as peripherals, the role of the input device is the program, raw data, text, characters, control commands or data collected on-site information input to the computer. Common input devices are keyboard, mouse, photoelectric input machine, tape drive, disk drive, CD-ROM machine and so on.
5. Output system: The output device and the input device is also an important part of the computer, it put out the intermediate results or the final result of the machine, various data symbols and text or a variety of control signals and other information output. The output devices commonly used by microcomputer are display terminal CRT, printer, laser printing machine, plotter and tape, CD-ROM machine and so on.

Core components of a computer

1. CPU Processor:

The equivalent of the human brain, responsible for computer operations and control, is the server performance efficiency of the most core components.

Common brands:Intel,AMD

DELL servers in half of the enterprise, the number ofCPUs 2-4 , a single CPU is quad-core. The total amount of memory is generally 16-256g(48G,128G).

cpu number of 4-8 , Total memory is 48-128g , 6-10 virtual machines.

!--[if!supportlists]--> memory:

memory is cpu and the buffer between the disks is temporary storage (temporary storage data).

program: c/php/java , code files, static, data on disk.

Process: A running program in which the system executes the program in memory.

Daemon: A program that keeps running.

3. Hard disk

HDD is the main computer storage medium, hard disk equivalent to the computer's warehouse, operating system, installed software, as well as documents, materials, etc., are stored in the form of data (0 and 1) in the "Warehouse".
The operation of the software is also the number According to the first transfer into the memory, the CPU is and memory to interact with the data, the final result is put into external memory that the hard disk.
So the hard drive is the computer. One of the important hardware segments.

Talking about computer