[Technical Exchange] unified standards for building drawing

Standard GB/T-for building drawing

1 General

1.0.1 this provision has been adjusted on the original basis to make the text more rigorous and accurate.

1.0.2 this article specifies the scope of application in engineering drawing.

1.0.3 as a new provision, this section clarifies two methods for manual and computer drawing.

1.0.4 this section specifies the three types of engineering drawings applicable, that is, ① Design Drawing and worker drawing; ② test drawing; ③ general design drawing and standard design drawing

2. Drawing format and layout Sequence

2.1 drawing format

2.1.1 2.1.1 the width and frame size of Table 2.1.1 are the same as those in technical drawing-drawing format and specification (GB/T 14689-93), but the title bar in the drawing box is slightly adjusted, as shown in 2.2.1.

2.2 title bar and Tab bar

2.2.1 In view of the increasing content in the title bar of each design unit and the fact that foreign languages need to be added, two title bar sizes are provided for selection, namely, 200 × 30 ~ 50 (200 length can make the title bar in the A4 vertical width into a column) and 240 × 30 ~ 40. The content of the title bar is just a schematic, giving each design unit flexibility.

2.2.2 because the signatures in the title bar are too messy and difficult to identify, this provision adds the provision that the signature area should contain real names and signature columns. In addition, when you need to add the words "People's Republic of China", you can set them at the top or left of the design unit name.

2.2.3 according to actual needs, extend the length of the tab bar from 75 to 100, which is the same as that for 2.2.2 In order to increase the space for "real name.

3. line chart

3.0.1 table 3.0.1 adjusted the line width ratio according to technical drawing-line chart (GB/T 17450-1988), that is, the line width: middle line: thin line =

In table 3.0.2, table 3.0.2, the names of some graphic lines are revised in accordance with technical drawing-line (see table 1 ).
4 Fonts

4.0.2 in actual plotting, text of 5mm or is too small and deleted in the text height series.

4.0.5 according to technical drawing-font (GB/T 14691-93), the writing format of Latin letters, Arabic numerals and Roman numerals was revised.

5 percentage

5.0.2 refer to technical drawing-proportion (GB/T 14690-93) and add text, emphasizing the ratio symbol as ":". Other representation methods are not allowed, for example, "1/100" is recommended.

5.0.3 change the "bottom line" in this provision to "baseline" in accordance with the Technical Drawing-proportion (GB/T 14690-93 ".

In table 5.0.4 5.0.4, "common proportions" are iso-recommended x 10n, X 10n, and X 10n series. Due to the large level difference in the proportion of the series, according to the characteristics of the housing construction project, some intermediate proportions are specified in the "available proportions", that is, and 1: 80, make it more reasonable and flexible. In addition, according to the actual use of the situation, the current large buildings, the use of a ratio of, many words can not be written, so the use of is already very common. This revision will include in the "common proportion" column.

5.0.6 This section is a new provision. Add this provision to meet the needs of computer plotting. You can select the proportion of your choice, but the scale of the proportion should be drawn.

6 symbols

6.1 cut symbol

6.1.1 description of section 1st, 3, and 4 of this article:

1. In the original standard "the section cut symbol should not be in contact with the drawing line on the drawing", the "unsuitable" should be changed to "no", and the "drawing line on the drawing" should be changed to "other drawing lines ".

3 The original Article "if it is confused with other graphic lines at the turning point" does not have a clear limit, so it will be deleted.

4 For the newly added section, it is to make it clear that the section cut symbol should be noted on the plane of the ± 0. 00 elevation. In addition, the Chinese name of section is determined as "section view" according to "Technical Drawing-cut view and cut-off view" (GB/T 17453-1988 ", however, considering the customary name of the house building profession, the original name "Profile" was still used ". See the description in section 9.3.

6.1.2 because there is no "section" in "Technical Drawing- and "(GB/T 17453-1988), in order to achieve consistency, delete the word "cut" in the original provision.

6.2 index and detail symbols

6.2.1 adjust the description of the index symbol in the original standard to "the index symbol is composed of a circle with a diameter of 10mm and a horizontal diameter, and the circle and horizontal diameter should be drawn with a fine solid line" to make it more smooth.

6.2.4 modify the original provision to "the circle of the detail symbol shall be drawn with a diameter of 14mm thick solid line", and delete the original standard "The method in Section 1 of this article may also be used, leave the document No. Of the indexed drawing blank to make the document clearer.

6.4 other symbols

6.4.3 added the text description "'north' or 'N' should be noted in the pointer Header.

7. Positioning axis line

7.0.2 change the circle diameter marked with the positioning axis line number to "8 ~ 10mm ", considering that sometimes there may be more word injection.

7.0.5 the numbering method of positioning Axis Lines is applicable to large-area and complex buildings. Generally, partition numbers are not required. Therefore, this article adds a sentence "in a complex plan combination" to indicate its applicability.

Figure 7.0.5 is an example of a partition number. How to partition the data depends on the actual situation? The example shows that an axis belongs to two zones and can be used as a representation of two axis line numbers.

7.0.9 added an example of positioning Axis Lines in a circular plane. This article was originally placed in the appendix and is now relatively mature and changed to the formal provision.

7.0.10 added the axis line number example in the line chart, but no specific numbering method is specified. You can use the example chart for flexible processing. How to number more complex planes is further summarized from the actual situation.

8 common building materials

8.1 General provisions

This section defines the principles and rules for use in this chapter. In view of the booming production of building materials and the increasing variety of materials, it is impossible to compile legends, which can only be divided into 20 basic types of commonly used building materials, the following rules are also determined:

1. When the same legend is used but specific varieties need to be specified, additional instructions should be provided;

2 As a material symbol, do not specify the scale ratio, should be mastered according to the size of the drawing, so that the legend line density is moderate, the scale is appropriate.

3 construction materials not covered by this standard shall be prepared and supplemented by legends.

8.2 common building materials
After adjustment, 27 legends are selected in this section, as described below:

1. Currently, porous and hollow bricks have been clearly defined. Porous bricks refer to load-bearing clay bricks with small holes, and hollow bricks refer to non-load-bearing clay bricks with large holes and filling.
Therefore, in the legend, the porous brick is clearly attributed to the ordinary brick, and the hollow brick is not a load-bearing brick, excluding the porous brick.

2. the legends of concrete, reinforced concrete and metal clearly stipulate that the image can be painted black when compared with the figure, and are mutually verified and complementary with Article 8.1.1.

3. the loose materials in the original legend, such as rice husk and wood chips, have been gradually eliminated in the actual project and are now deleted. In addition, the "Foam Plastic Material" item has been added, and its fill pattern has been used in the national standard diagram. However, for manual drawing, this honeycomb pattern is difficult to draw. You can use the "porous material" legend to add text instructions or set other representation methods.

9 Graphic Method

9.1 Projection Method

9.1.1 according to technical drawing-projection method (GB/T 14692-93), the original standard "direct projection method" is changed to "first-angle painting", and the names of views are defined.

9.1.2 added text supplements and image projection recognition symbols for "or draw image projection recognition symbols by Figure 9.1.2c.

9.2 view Configuration

The original title of this section is "layout ".

9.2.1 The View configuration is clearly described.

9.2.5 In the original standard, change "some parts of the facade" to "some parts of the building", and change "direct projection" to "first-angle painting ."

9.3 section and Fault Section

The original title of this section is "Broken section and profile ".

Technical Drawing-Overview and disconnection history (GB/T 17453-1988, it has been discussed for many years whether or not the "section view" has been changed to "section view" in the building drawing of a house. During the revision process, according to the feedback from the draft for soliciting opinions, the majority of those who do not approve of the change are listed. The reason is: ① the construction project has been called for a long time. It has been recognized by engineering and technical personnel of all ages. Its name can also reflect the characteristics of building drawings. ② In fact, the vast majority of architectural plans are also under a cut-down view. If the call method is changed, it may also be changed to a name such as the "first-layer plane cut-down view", which is both awesome and nondescribable. If you only change "Profile" to "profile view", it is neither thorough nor theoretically self-explanatory. ③ At the review, the experts agreed that it does not need to be changed, at the same time, it is recommended that when revising technical drawing-general terms (GB/T 13361-92), add the "section" or change it to "section view (section) together with the existing "likes" and "plan", it is relatively complete for the building drawing of the house.

9.3.1 added the rules for drawing a profile and a broken line.

9.4 simplified painting

9.4.1 in the original standard, the formulation of "symmetric image of component components" is incorrect and changed to "symmetric view of component components ". Secondly, this section also adds an example of Figure 9.4.1-3 (half-drawn view, half-painted profile) to make up for its shortcomings. Figure 9.4.1-3 combines the left half side of a view (shape chart) with the right half side of a profile into a graph, which simplifies the two graphs into one. Since this is a simplified method, in the plan, the cut symbol should still be marked as 6.1.1.

9.4.3 adds an example chart that varies according to a certain law along the length direction.

9.5 axis Map

9.5.1 added "we recommend that you use the following four types of Axis Test projection and draw with a simplified axial scaling factor", which refers to the positive axis test projection.

9.5.3 modified the text and added three examples.

10 dimensions

10.1 dimension line, dimension line and dimension start and end symbols

10.1.3 the size line specified in the original standard "should not exceed the size line". Based on feedback and expert opinions, we have decided to delete this line. That is to say, a slight exceeding is allowed according to personal habits, however, you do not need to specify the length beyond the specified length.

10.1.4 the starting and ending characters of dimensions also adhere to the original rules: Generally, oblique short lines are used, and arrows are used for Arc diameter and radius. Use small dots in the axis map, the effect is better.

10.2 Size numeric

10.2.3 as shown in the example, the note direction and reading direction of size numbers are defined as follows: when the size line is vertical, the note direction and reading direction of size numbers are written on the left side of the size line, leading to the left; Any other direction, the size number should also be kept up and written above the size line. If you note the number in the 30 ° oblique line area, it is easy to cause misunderstanding. Therefore, we recommend two horizontal injection modes.

10.4 radius, diameter, ball dimension

10.4.1 this section emphasizes the addition of the radius symbol R. Note that "R20" cannot be written as "r = 20" or "r = 20 ".

10.4.4 in accordance with the provisions of this article, note that "Phi" cannot be written as "Phi = 60", "d = 60", or "d = 60 ".

10.5 angle, radians, and arc lengths

10.5.2 the original revision was referring to the ISO rules to change the arc symbol to the front of the number, which is advantageous to computer processing. According to the opinions of the expert at the review meeting, the original regulations are still maintained, and the remarks are written above the number, which is consistent with the marking method in mathematics.

10.6 thin thickness, square, slope, non-circular curve, and other dimensions

10.6.2 the labeling method of the square symbol "□" is the same as that of the diameter symbol" Phi ". It is not necessarily written on the side, so the limitations of the original standard labeling are modified.

Delete one dimension in Figure 10.6.1 and figure 10.6.2, but it does not indicate whether the dimension chain is closed. In civil engineering drawing, the dimension chain can be closed or not.
In mechanical drawing, Dimension Chains must not be closed.

10.6.3 note that the slope symbol is a single-sided arrow rather than a double-sided arrow.

10.7 simplified labeling

10.7.1 note writing and reading directions of dimensions and numbers on a single line chart should also comply with the requirements of article 10.2.3.

10.7.3 the so-called same construction element in this article refers to the holes, holes, and steel bars in a pattern with the same shape, size, and structure. This is a simplified injection method that specifies the size (see Figure 10.7.3), and does not involve simplified painting of the drawing. Therefore, the six small circles in the figure are drawn, which is not in conflict with 9.4.2.

10.8 elevation

10.8.2 there are two opposite opinions on the outdoor elevation symbol. One is mandatory and should be represented by a black triangle; the other is not blackening. There is no change here, and it is still written according to the original standard.

10.8.3 when the elevation sign points down, the elevation number is written above the Left or Right horizontal line. When the elevation sign points up, the elevation number is written below the Left or Right horizontal line.

10.8.6 when writing several values at the same time, the values should be written from top to bottom. The number outside the brackets is the existing value, and the number inside the brackets is the replacement value.