There are a lot of problems with the kernel and the root file system burned today.
Source: Internet
Author: User
Today, many problems have occurred while writing the kernel and the root file system. For more information, see Linux general technology-Linux technology and application. I followed Step By Step v4.5_20100605.pdf of tianembedded technology-Linux porting, but the following problem occurs when I burn the kernel:
[1] Download u-boot or STEPLDR. nb1 or other bootloader to Nand Flash
[2] Download Eboot (eboot. nb0) to Nand Flash
[3] Download Linux Kernel (zImage. bin) to Nand Flash
[5] Download CRAMFS image to Nand Flash
[6] Download YAFFS image (root. bin) to Nand Flash
[7] Download Program (uCOS-II or TQ2440_Test) to SDRAM and Run it
[8] Boot the system
[9] Format the Nand Flash
[0] Set the boot parameters
[A] Download User Program (eg: uCOS-II or TQ2440_Test)
Download LOGO Picture (. bin) to Nand Flash [L] Set LCD Parameters [N] Enter TFTP download mode menu [O] Download u-boot to Nor Flash [R] Reboot u-boot [T] Test Linux Image (zImage) [Q] quit from menu Enter your selection: 8 Start Linux... Copy linux kernel from 0x00200000 to 0x30008000, size = 0x00300000... Copy Kernel to SDRAM done, NOW, Booting Linux ...... Uncompressing Linux ...................................... ........................................ ........................................ .... done, booting the kernel. Linux version 2.6.30.4-EmbedSky (root @ a123-virtual-machine) (gcc version 4.4.3 (ctng-1.6.1) #4 Thu Aug 23 10:19:53 CST 2012 CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr = c0007177 CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache Machine: SMDK2440 ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; please update your bootloader. Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback CPU S3C2440A (id 0x32440001) S3C24XX Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics S3C244X: core 400.000 MHz, memory 100.000 MHz, peripheral 50.000 MHz CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16256 Kernel command line: noinitrd root =/dev/mtdblock2 init =/linuxrc console = ttySAC0 NR_IRQS: 99 Irq: clearing pending ext status 00080000 Irq: clearing subpending status 00000003 Irq: clearing subpending status 00000002 PID hash table entries: 256 (order: 8, 1024 bytes) Console: color dummy device 80x30 Console [ttySAC0] enabled Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) Memory: 64 MB = 64 MB total Memory: 60816KB available (3428 K code, 382 K data, 132 K init, 0 K highmem) Calibrating delay loop... 199.47 BogoMIPS (lpj = 498688) Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: OK Net_namespace: 936 bytes NET: Registered protocol family 16 S3C Power Management, Copyright 2004 Simtec Electronics S3C2440: Initialising architecture S3C2440: IRQ Support S3C24XX DMA Driver, (c) 2003-Simtec Electronics DMA channel 0 at c4808000, irq 33 DMA channel 1 at c4808040, irq 34 DMA channel 2 at c4808080, irq 35 DMA channel 3 at c48080c0, irq 36 S3C244X: Clock Support, DVS off Bio: create slab At 0 SCSI subsystem initialized Usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs Usbcore: registered new interface driver hub Usbcore: registered new device driver usb S3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10 S3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 97 KHz S3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter NET: Registered protocol family 2 IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048) TCP reno registered NET: Registered protocol family 1 NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (extended precision) JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) (SUMMARY) leakage 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc. Romfs mtd (C) 2007 Red Hat, Inc. Yaffs Aug 22, 2012 17:15:17 Installing. Ms gmni has been set to 118 Io scheduler noop registered Io scheduler anticipatory registered (default) Io scheduler deadline registered Io scheduler cfq registered Console: switching to color frame buffer device 30x40 Fb0: s3c2410fb frame buffer device Lp: driver loaded but no devices found Ppdev: user-space parallel port driver Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled S3c2440-uart.0: s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2440 S3c2440-uart.1: s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2440 S3c2440-uart.2: Maid at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2440 Brd: module loaded Loop: module loaded Uniform Multi-platforms E-IDE driver Ide-gd driver 1.18 Ide-cd driver 5.00 Driver 'SD' needs updating-please use bus_type methods Dm9000 Ethernet Driver, V1.31 S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics S3c2440-nand s3c2440-nand: Tacls = 3, 30ns Twrph0 = 7 70ns, Twrph1 = 3 30ns NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xda (Samsung NAND 256MiB, 3 V 8-bit) Scanning device for bad blocks Bad eraseblock 108 at 0x000000d80000 Bad eraseblock 651 at 0x000005160000 Bad eraseblock 823 at 0x0000066e0000 Bad eraseblock 1268 at 0x000009e80000 Bad eraseblock 1282 at 0x00000a040000 Bad eraseblock 1718 at 0x00000d6c0000 Bad eraseblock 1844 at 0x00000e680000 Creating 3 MTD partitions on "NAND 256MiB, 3 V 8-bit ": 0x0000000000000000-0x000000040000: "EmbedSky_board_uboot" 0x000000200000-0x000000500000: "EmbedSky_board_kernel" 0x000000500000-0x00000000000: "EmbedSky_board_yaffs2" Usbmon: debugfs is not available Ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver S3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI S3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1 S3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000 Usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice Hub 1-. 0: USB hub found Hub 1-0: 1. 0: 2 ports detected Usbcore: registered new interface driver libusual Usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial USB Serial support registered for generic Usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial_generic USB Serial: USB Serial Driver core USB Serial support registered for ftdi usb Serial Device Usbcore: registered new interface driver ftdi_sio Ftdi_sio: v1.4.3: usb ftdi Serial Converters Driver USB Serial support registered for pl2303 Usbcore: registered new interface driver pl2303 Pl2303: Prolific PL2303 USB to serial adaptor driver Mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice S3C24XX RTC, (c) maid Electronics S3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics S3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt: watchdog inactive, reset disabled, irq enabled Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.20. ALSA device list: No soundcards found. TCP cubic registered NET: Registered protocol family 17 RPC: Registered udp transport module. RPC: Registered tcp transport module. Drivers/rtc/hctosys. c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0) Yaffs: dev is 32505858 name is "mtdblock2" Yaffs: passed flags "" Yaffs: Attempting MTD mounted on 31.2, "mtdblock2" Yaffs: auto selecting yaffs2 Block 69 is bad Block 612 is bad Block 784 is bad Block 1229 is bad Block 1243 is bad Block 1679 is bad Block 1805 is bad Yaffs_read_super: isCheckpointed 0 VFS: Mounted root (yaffs filesystem) on device 31: 2. Freeing init memory: 132 K Warning: unable to open an initial console. Failed to execute/linuxrc. Attempting defaults... Kernel panic-not syncing: No init found. Try passing init = option to kernel. [ ] (Unwind_backtrace + 0x0/0xd8) from [ ] (Panic + 0x40/0x108) [ ] (Panic + 0x40/0x108) from [ ] (Init_post + 0xcc/0xf4) [ ] (Init_post + 0xcc/0xf4) from [ ] (Kernel_init + 0xb8/0xe0) [ ] (Kernel_init + 0xb8/0xe0) from [ ] (Do_exit + 0x0/0x588) [ ] (Do_exit + 0x0/0x588) from [<00000003>] (0x3) My younger brother's level is limited. is my kernel burned successfully? Then I burn my own root file system as follows:
[1] Download u-boot or STEPLDR. nb1 or other bootloader to Nand Flash [2] Download Eboot (eboot. nb0) to Nand Flash [3] Download Linux Kernel (zImage. bin) to Nand Flash [5] Download CRAMFS image to Nand Flash [6] Download YAFFS image (root. bin) to Nand Flash [7] Download Program (uCOS-II or TQ2440_Test) to SDRAM and Run it [8] Boot the system [9] Format the Nand Flash [0] Set the boot parameters [A] Download User Program (eg: uCOS-II or TQ2440_Test) Download LOGO Picture (. bin) to Nand Flash [L] Set LCD Parameters [N] Enter TFTP download mode menu [O] Download u-boot to Nor Flash [R] Reboot u-boot [T] Test Linux Image (zImage) [Q] quit from menu Enter your selection: 8 Start Linux... Copy linux kernel from 0x00200000 to 0x30008000, size = 0x00300000... Copy Kernel to SDRAM done, NOW, Booting Linux ...... Uncompressing Linux ...................................... ........................................ ........................................ .... done, booting the kernel. Linux version 2.6.30.4-EmbedSky (root @ a123-virtual-machine) (gcc version 4.4.3 (ctng-1.6.1) #4 Thu Aug 23 10:19:53 CST 2012 CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr = c0007177 CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache Machine: SMDK2440 ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; please update your bootloader. Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback CPU S3C2440A (id 0x32440001) S3C24XX Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics S3C244X: core 400.000 MHz, memory 100.000 MHz, peripheral 50.000 MHz CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16256 Kernel command line: noinitrd root =/dev/mtdblock2 init =/linuxrc console = ttySAC0 NR_IRQS: 99 Irq: clearing pending ext status 00080000 Irq: clearing subpending status 00000003 Irq: clearing subpending status 00000002 PID hash table entries: 256 (order: 8, 1024 bytes) Console: color dummy device 80x30 Console [ttySAC0] enabled Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) Memory: 64 MB = 64 MB total Memory: 60816KB available (3428 K code, 382 K data, 132 K init, 0 K highmem) Calibrating delay loop... 199.47 BogoMIPS (lpj = 498688) Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: OK Net_namespace: 936 bytes NET: Registered protocol family 16 S3C Power Management, Copyright 2004 Simtec Electronics S3C2440: Initialising architecture S3C2440: IRQ Support S3C24XX DMA Driver, (c) 2003-Simtec Electronics DMA channel 0 at c4808000, irq 33 DMA channel 1 at c4808040, irq 34 DMA channel 2 at c4808080, irq 35 DMA channel 3 at c48080c0, irq 36 S3C244X: Clock Support, DVS off Bio: create slab At 0 SCSI subsystem initialized Usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs Usbcore: registered new interface driver hub Usbcore: registered new device driver usb S3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10 S3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 97 KHz S3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter NET: Registered protocol family 2 IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048) TCP reno registered NET: Registered protocol family 1 NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (extended precision) JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) (SUMMARY) leakage 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc. Romfs mtd (C) 2007 Red Hat, Inc. Yaffs Aug 22, 2012 17:15:17 Installing. Ms gmni has been set to 118 Io scheduler noop registered Io scheduler anticipatory registered (default) Io scheduler deadline registered Io scheduler cfq registered Console: switching to color frame buffer device 30x40 Fb0: s3c2410fb frame buffer device Lp: driver loaded but no devices found Ppdev: user-space parallel port driver Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled S3c2440-uart.0: s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2440 S3c2440-uart.1: s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2440 S3c2440-uart.2: Maid at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2440 Brd: module loaded Loop: module loaded Uniform Multi-platforms E-IDE driver Ide-gd driver 1.18 Ide-cd driver 5.00 Driver 'SD' needs updating-please use bus_type methods Dm9000 Ethernet Driver, V1.31 S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics S3c2440-nand s3c2440-nand: Tacls = 3, 30ns Twrph0 = 7 70ns, Twrph1 = 3 30ns NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xda (Samsung NAND 256MiB, 3 V 8-bit) Scanning device for bad blocks Bad eraseblock 108 at 0x000000d80000 Bad eraseblock 651 at 0x000005160000 Bad eraseblock 823 at 0x0000066e0000 Bad eraseblock 1268 at 0x000009e80000 Bad eraseblock 1282 at 0x00000a040000 Bad eraseblock 1718 at 0x00000d6c0000 Bad eraseblock 1844 at 0x00000e680000 Creating 3 MTD partitions on "NAND 256MiB, 3 V 8-bit ": 0x0000000000000000-0x000000040000: "EmbedSky_board_uboot" 0x000000200000-0x000000500000: "EmbedSky_board_kernel" 0x000000500000-0x00000000000: "EmbedSky_board_yaffs2" Usbmon: debugfs is not available Ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver S3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI S3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1 S3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000 Usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice Hub 1-. 0: USB hub found Hub 1-0: 1. 0: 2 ports detected Usbcore: registered new interface driver libusual Usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial USB Serial support registered for generic Usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial_generic USB Serial: USB Serial Driver core USB Serial support registered for ftdi usb Serial Device Usbcore: registered new interface driver ftdi_sio Ftdi_sio: v1.4.3: usb ftdi Serial Converters Driver USB Serial support registered for pl2303 Usbcore: registered new interface driver pl2303 Pl2303: Prolific PL2303 USB to serial adaptor driver Mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice S3C24XX RTC, (c) maid Electronics S3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics S3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt: watchdog inactive, reset disabled, irq enabled Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.20. ALSA device list: No soundcards found. TCP cubic registered NET: Registered protocol family 17 RPC: Registered udp transport module. RPC: Registered tcp transport module. Drivers/rtc/hctosys. c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0) End_request: I/O error, dev mtdblock2, sector 256 Isofs_fill_super: bread failed, dev = mtdblock2, iso_blknum = 64, block = 128 Yaffs: dev is 32505858 name is "mtdblock2" Yaffs: passed flags "" Yaffs: Attempting MTD mounted on 31.2, "mtdblock2" Yaffs: auto selecting yaffs2 Block 69 is bad Block 612 is bad Block 784 is bad Block 1229 is bad Block 1243 is bad Block 1679 is bad Block 1805 is bad Yaffs_read_super: isCheckpointed 0 VFS: Mounted root (yaffs filesystem) on device 31: 2. Freeing init memory: 132 K Kernel panic-not syncing: Attempted to kill init! [ ] (Unwind_backtrace + 0x0/0xd8) from [ ] (Panic + 0x40/0x108) [ ] (Panic + 0x40/0x108) from [ ] (Do_exit + 0x64/0x588) [ ] (Do_exit + 0x64/0x588) from [ ] (Do_group_exit + 0x88/0 xbc) [ ] (Do_group_exit + 0x88/0 xbc) from [ ] (Get_signal_to_deliver + 0x2ec/0x324) [ ] (Get_signal_to_deliver + 0x2ec/0x324) from [ ] (Do_signal + 0x68/0 x4cc) [ ] (Do_signal + 0x68/0 x4cc) from [ ] (Work_pending + 0x1c/0x20) Help me, younger brother. where is my error?
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