adb:) adb install

個人比較喜歡命令列操作，特別是在 android 開發的時候，方便！

在終端敲入命令，會出現關於adb工具的使用協助。

adb -help

安裝 apk，一般都是使用命令：

adb install **

在 adb -help 可以看到如下協助：

adb install [-l] [-r] [-s] <file> - push this package file to the device and install it                                 ('-l' means forward-lock the app)                                 ('-r' means reinstall the app, keeping its data)                                 ('-s' means install on SD card instead of internal storage)

如果你的手機或者模擬器已經安裝了某個 apk，如 my.apk

那麼你沒有卸載 my.apk 的話，（命令列操作）再次安裝該 apk 的話，會包如下錯誤：

Failure [INSTALL_FAILED_ALREADY_EXISTS]

-r 參數表示重新安裝 apk，所以加上這個參數就不會有上述錯誤。

-s 參數表示安裝 apk 到 SDcard，好了。鬱悶的時刻到來！-l 參數什麼意思？

自己做了很多測試，也不是很明白。最後在 sdk api上找到答案。感謝：sdk-path/docs/guide/appendix/market-filters.html

看下面這張，也許回得到點啟發。大致意思是在發布 apk 到 android market上時，可以設定相關標誌位來保護你的 app。

那麼，再從 PackageManager.java 源碼中尋找一些蛛絲馬跡、、、、、、

該類是一個抽象類別，聲明如下：

/** * Class for retrieving various kinds of information related to the application * packages that are currently installed on the device. * * You can find this class through {@link Context#getPackageManager}. */public abstract class PackageManager 

PackageManager 主要是用於獲得安裝在裝置上應用的各種資訊。

看一個常量和一個方法，定義如下：

    /**     * Flag parameter for {@link #installPackage(android.net.Uri, IPackageInstallObserver, int)} to     * indicate that this package should be installed as forward locked, i.e. only the app itself     * should have access to its code and non-resource assets.     * @hide     */    public static final int INSTALL_FORWARD_LOCK = 0x00000001;

    /**     * @hide     *      * Install a package. Since this may take a little while, the result will     * be posted back to the given observer.  An installation will fail if the calling context     * lacks the {@link android.Manifest.permission#INSTALL_PACKAGES} permission, if the     * package named in the package file's manifest is already installed, or if there's no space     * available on the device.     *     * @param packageURI The location of the package file to install.  This can be a 'file:' or a     * 'content:' URI.     * @param observer An observer callback to get notified when the package installation is     * complete. {@link IPackageInstallObserver#packageInstalled(String, int)} will be     * called when that happens.  observer may be null to indicate that no callback is desired.     * @param flags - possible values: {@link #INSTALL_FORWARD_LOCK},     * {@link #INSTALL_REPLACE_EXISTING}, {@link #INSTALL_ALLOW_TEST}.     * @param installerPackageName Optional package name of the application that is performing the     * installation. This identifies which market the package came from.     */    public abstract void installPackage(            Uri packageURI, IPackageInstallObserver observer, int flags,            String installerPackageName);

可以看出：

INSTALL_FORWARD_LOCK 常量主要是用來保護自己的 app，installPackage 方法的參數 int flags 可以是 INSTALL_FORWARD_LOCK。

注意：在 android1.5 源碼中，INSTALL_FORWARD_LOCK 常量是 ORWARD_LOCK_PACKAGE。

好了，目前為止，-l 參數是用來保護自己的 app，即 forward-locked（正向鎖定）！

不過，平時安裝測試 app，很少使用該參數！