標籤:
LinkedList
LinkedList基於雙向迴圈鏈表實現。也可以被當做堆棧,隊列或雙端隊列進行操作。非安全執行緒。下面直接貼ArrayList的Java實現(只貼了部分代碼),來源JDK1.8.0_25/src.zip。
/** * ****雙向鏈表對應的資料結構********* * 包含:節點值item * 前驅 pre * 後繼next * @param */ private static class Node { E item; Node next; Node prev; //構造方法參數順序:前驅 節點值 後繼 Node(Node prev, E element, Node next) { this.item = element; this.next = next; this.prev = prev; } }
public class LinkedList extends AbstractSequentialList implements List, Deque, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable{//元素個數 transient int size = 0; //指向第一個節點 transient Node first; //指向最後一個節點 transient Node last; //構造方法1--構造一個空列表 public LinkedList() {} //構造方法2--構造一個包含指定collection中元素的列表,按collection的迭代器返回的順序排列 public LinkedList(Collection c) { this(); addAll(c); } //將e插入到鏈表第一個位置前面,注意可能修改last和first private void linkFirst(E e) { final Node f = first; final Node newNode = new Node<>(null, e, f);//Node(前驅,元素,後繼) first = newNode; if (f == null) last = newNode;//插入前為空白則last為其本身 else f.prev = newNode;//若不為空白則頭結點前驅指向newnode size++; modCount++; } //將e插入到鏈表最後一個元素的後面 void linkLast(E e) { final Node l = last; final Node newNode = new Node<>(l, e, null); last = newNode; if (l == null) first = newNode; else l.next = newNode; size++; modCount++; } //在節點succ前插入元素為e的節點 void linkBefore(E e, Node succ) { // assert succ != null; final Node pred = succ.prev; final Node newNode = new Node<>(pred, e, succ); succ.prev = newNode; if (pred == null) first = newNode; else pred.next = newNode; size++; modCount++; } //去除鏈表第一個元素 private E unlinkFirst(Node f) { // assert f == first && f != null; final E element = f.item; final Node next = f.next; f.item = null; f.next = null; // help GC first = next; if (next == null) last = null; else next.prev = null; size--; modCount++; return element; } //去除鏈表最後一個元素 private E unlinkLast(Node l) { // assert l == last && l != null; final E element = l.item; final Node prev = l.prev; l.item = null; l.prev = null; // help GC last = prev; if (prev == null) first = null; else prev.next = null; size--; modCount++; return element; } //刪除節點x E unlink(Node x) { // assert x != null; final E element = x.item; final Node next = x.next; final Node prev = x.prev; if (prev == null) { first = next; } else { prev.next = next; x.prev = null; } if (next == null) { last = prev; } else { next.prev = prev; x.next = null; } x.item = null; size--; modCount++; return element; } //擷取第一個元素,若為空白,拋出異常 public E getFirst() { final Node f = first; if (f == null) throw new NoSuchElementException(); return f.item; } //擷取第一個元素,若為空白,拋出異常 public E getLast() { final Node l = last; if (l == null) throw new NoSuchElementException(); return l.item; } //去除第一個元素 public E removeFirst() { final Node f = first; if (f == null) throw new NoSuchElementException(); return unlinkFirst(f); } //去除最後一個元素 public E removeLast() { final Node l = last; if (l == null) throw new NoSuchElementException(); return unlinkLast(l); } //將元素e添加為鏈表第一個元素 public void addFirst(E e) { linkFirst(e); } public void addLast(E e) { linkLast(e); } public boolean contains(Object o) { return indexOf(o) != -1; } public int size() { return size; } public boolean add(E e) { linkLast(e);//添加到最後面 return true; } //可以去除null元素,從鏈表開始尋找指定元素o public boolean remove(Object o) { if (o == null) { for (Node x = first; x != null; x = x.next) { if (x.item == null) { unlink(x); return true; } } } else { for (Node x = first; x != null; x = x.next) { if (o.equals(x.item)) { unlink(x); return true; } } } return false; } //從LinkedList的末尾開始,將集合c添加到LinkedList中 public boolean addAll(Collection c) { return addAll(size, c); } //從LinkedList的index開始,將集合c中的元素添加到LinkedList中 public boolean addAll(int index, Collection c) { checkPositionIndex(index); Object[] a = c.toArray(); int numNew = a.length; if (numNew == 0)//集合c為空白,返回false return false; Node pred, succ;//插入位置的前一個節點和插入位置的節點 if (index == size) { succ = null; pred = last; } else { succ = node(index); pred = succ.prev; } for (Object o : a) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") E e = (E) o; Node newNode = new Node<>(pred, e, null); if (pred == null) first = newNode;//時刻注意修改first和last else pred.next = newNode; pred = newNode; } if (succ == null) { last = pred; } else { pred.next = succ; succ.prev = pred; } size += numNew;//添加後鏈表大小 modCount++; return true; } //清空雙向鏈表 public void clear() { for (Node x = first; x != null; ) { Node next = x.next; x.item = null; x.next = null; x.prev = null; x = next; } first = last = null; size = 0; modCount++; } // Positional Access Operations //擷取指定位置元素 public E get(int index) { checkElementIndex(index); return node(index).item; } //設定指定位置元素值,並返回原來的值 public E set(int index, E element) { checkElementIndex(index); Node x = node(index); E oldVal = x.item; x.item = element; return oldVal; } //-----在index前添加元素值為element的節點---- public void add(int index, E element) { checkPositionIndex(index); if (index == size) linkLast(element); else linkBefore(element, node(index)); } //刪除指定位置節點 public E remove(int index) { checkElementIndex(index); return unlink(node(index)); } private boolean isElementIndex(int index) { return index >= 0 && index < size; } private boolean isPositionIndex(int index) { return index >= 0 && index <= size; } private String outOfBoundsMsg(int index) { return "Index: "+index+", Size: "+size; } private void checkElementIndex(int index) { if (!isElementIndex(index)) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); } private void checkPositionIndex(int index) { if (!isPositionIndex(index)) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); } //以前版本是entry,擷取指定位置的節點 Node node(int index) { // assert isElementIndex(index); //若要尋找位置小於雙向鏈表的一半,則從前往後尋找,否則從後往前尋找,提高尋找效率 if (index < (size >> 1)) { Node x = first; for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) x = x.next; return x; } else { Node x = last; for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--) x = x.prev; return x; } } // Search Operations //從前往後尋找,傳回值為o的節點位置,若不存在返回-1,可尋找null位置 //尋找的都是第一次出現的 public int indexOf(Object o) { int index = 0; if (o == null) { for (Node x = first; x != null; x = x.next) { if (x.item == null) return index; index++; } } else { for (Node x = first; x != null; x = x.next) { if (o.equals(x.item)) return index; index++; } } return -1; } //從後往前尋找,傳回值為o的節點位置,若不存在返回-1,可尋找null位置 //尋找的都是第一次出現的 public int lastIndexOf(Object o) { int index = size; if (o == null) { for (Node x = last; x != null; x = x.prev) { index--; if (x.item == null) return index; } } else { for (Node x = last; x != null; x = x.prev) { index--; if (o.equals(x.item)) return index; } } return -1; } /*******作為隊列使用的操作 Queue operations.************/ //返回第一個節點元素,若為空白返回null,擷取但不移除(不出隊) public E peek() { final Node f = first; return (f == null) ? null : f.item; } //返回第一個節點元素,若為空白拋出異常,相當於出隊 public E element() { return getFirst(); } //出隊,擷取並移除表頭 public E poll() { final Node f = first; return (f == null) ? null : unlinkFirst(f); } public E remove() { return removeFirst(); } //入隊,添加到表尾 public boolean offer(E e) { return add(e); } /**** Deque operations****/ public boolean offerFirst(E e) { addFirst(e); return true; } public boolean offerLast(E e) { addLast(e); return true; } public E peekFirst() { final Node f = first; return (f == null) ? null : f.item; } public E peekLast() { final Node l = last; return (l == null) ? null : l.item; } public E pollFirst() { final Node f = first; return (f == null) ? null : unlinkFirst(f); } public E pollLast() { final Node l = last; return (l == null) ? null : unlinkLast(l); } public void push(E e) { addFirst(e); } public E pop() { return removeFirst(); } public boolean removeFirstOccurrence(Object o) { return remove(o); } //去除最後一次出現的指定節點,從後往前尋找的第一個節點去除即可 可為null public boolean removeLastOccurrence(Object o) { if (o == null) { for (Node x = last; x != null; x = x.prev) { if (x.item == null) { unlink(x); return true; } } } else { for (Node x = last; x != null; x = x.prev) { if (o.equals(x.item)) { unlink(x); return true; } } } return false; } //返回index到末尾的全部節點對應的ListIterator對象 public ListIterator listIterator(int index) { checkPositionIndex(index); return new ListItr(index); } //List迭代器 private class ListItr implements ListIterator { private Node lastReturned;//上一次返回的節點 private Node next;//下一個節點 private int nextIndex;//下一個節點索引 //期望的改變計數,用來實現fail-fast機制 private int expectedModCount = modCount; ListItr(int index) { // assert isPositionIndex(index); next = (index == size) ? null : node(index); nextIndex = index; }
public Object clone() { LinkedList clone = superClone(); // Put clone into "virgin" state clone.first = clone.last = null; clone.size = 0; clone.modCount = 0; // Initialize clone with our elements for (Node x = first; x != null; x = x.next) clone.add(x.item); return clone; }
建構函式:
LinkedList構造方法有2種,一個是無參構造方法,建立一個空的鏈表(頭結點null) 另一個是先建立一個空鏈表,再調用addAll(c)用c中元素初始化。
說明:
LinkedList基於雙向迴圈鏈表實現的,不存在容量不足和擴容,但是插入和刪除的效率高。在插入一個結點時,建立一個node對象,找到插入節點的位置,改變前驅和後繼。刪除一個結點時,改變刪除節點的前驅節點的後繼和後繼節點的前驅,不需要移動元素。
LinkedList容許元素為null,在尋找和刪除某元素時,都區分null和非null
LinkedList實現了棧和隊列的操作,如push() pop() 等方法,為了區分不同的操作,很多方法名不一樣,但是功能是一樣的。
Java類集架構之LinkedList源碼剖析