《Android動畫高手成長記》跳跳球效果
在介紹本文動畫效果實現之前,先來介紹屬性動畫相關的幾個知識點。
ValueAnimator與ObjectAnimator。 Interpolator插值器與TypeEvaluator估值器。
在Android3.0之前,系統提供了兩種動畫效果實現方式,幀動畫frame-by-frame animation和補間動畫tweened animation。幀動畫就是類似電影播放一樣,將整部影片拆分成一片片的然後連貫起來播放。補間動畫則可以實現對view的縮放、平移、旋轉等操作。在3.0之後,出現了一種新的動畫模式稱為屬性動畫property animation。
屬性動畫產生的原因
屬性動畫的出現不是用來替代補間動畫的,而是用來解決補間動畫所不能夠完成的事件的。如果我們的需求超出了操控view的旋轉、縮放、平移等操作範圍,那麼我們就需選擇屬性動畫去實現了。那麼屬性動畫可以做到哪些補間動畫做不到的事情呢?下面列舉幾點,當然屬性動畫的功能很強大,不僅限於我列舉的幾點。
屬性動畫可以做到對一個非view類進行動畫操作。屬性動畫可以做到真正的改變view對象的屬性值。而補間動畫只是改變了view的動畫效果。
ValueAnimator與ObjectAnimator
ObjectAnimator是屬性動畫中最總要的執行類,ObjectAnimator可以操作某個對象的屬性值,但是這個屬性值必須要有get和set方法,同時也可以設定view的執行線路,通過插值器來控制。
舉個簡單的例子:
ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(view, "rotationY", 0.0F, 360.0F).setDuration(500).start();
其可操作的屬性有x/y;scaleX/scaleY;rotationX/ rotationY;transitionX/ transitionY等。
上面的例子是修改view的單個屬性值,同樣也可以同時修改多個屬性,下面介紹兩種
PropertyValuesHolder屬性值持有人
PropertyValuesHolder pvhLeft = PropertyValuesHolder.ofInt("left", 0, 1);PropertyValuesHolder pvhTop = PropertyValuesHolder.ofInt("top", 0, 1);ObjectAnimator.ofPropertyValuesHolder( this, pvhLeft, pvhTop).
提供一個不存在的屬性值
ObjectAnimator anim = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(view, "long", 1.0F, 0.0F).setDuration(500);anim.start();anim.UpdateListener(new AnimatorUpdateListener() { @Override public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator animation) { float cVal = (Float) animation.getAnimatedValue(); view.setAlpha(cVal); view.setScaleX(cVal); view.setScaleY(cVal); }});
上面提到的都是修改對象已有的setter和getter方法的屬性值。那麼如果對象沒有為某個屬性提供提供setter和getter方法呢,我們也可以做到修改這些屬性值,下面提供兩種實現方式:
通過valueAnimation來實現,這個下面會講解。
通過自己寫一個封裝類來實現。然後為該屬性提供setter和getter方法。
class ViewWrapper{ private View mView; public int getWidth(){ return mView.getLayoutParams().width; }}
ValueAnimator包含Property Animation動畫的所有核心功能,如動畫時間,開始、結束屬性值,相應時間屬性值計算方法等。
屬性動畫的應用有兩個步驟:
1、計算屬性的值。2、根據屬性值執行相應的動作。
ValueAnimator只是完成了第一步驟,而要完成第二步還要藉助於ValueAnimator.onUpdateListener介面,在此方法中可以通過ValueAnimator對象的getAnimatedValue()函數可以得到當前的屬性值。
ValueAnimator animation = ValueAnimator.ofFloat(0f, 1f);animation.setDuration(1000);animation.addUpdateListener(new AnimatorUpdateListener () { @Override public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator animation) { Log.i("update", ((Float)animation.getAnimatedValue()).toString()); // 此處可以根據getAnimatedValue擷取到的屬性值改變view相關的屬性從而執行某些動作 }});animation.setInterpolator(new CycleInterpolator(3));animation.start();
Time Interpolator插值器與TypeEvaluator估值器
Time interplator:定義了屬性值變化的方式,如線性均勻改變,開始慢然後逐漸快等。在Property Animation中是TimeInterplator,在View Animation中是Interplator,這兩個是一樣的,在3.0之前只有Interplator,3.0之後實現代碼轉移至了TimeInterplator。Interplator繼承自TimeInterplator,內部沒有任何其他代碼。
AccelerateInterpolator 加速,開始時慢中間加速 DecelerateInterpolator 減速,開始時快然後減速 AccelerateDecelerateInterolator 先加速後減速,開始結束時慢,中間加速 AnticipateInterpolator 反向 ,先向相反方向改變一段再加速播放 AnticipateOvershootInterpolator 反向加回彈,先向相反方向改變,再加速播放,會超出目的值然後緩慢移動至目的值 BounceInterpolator 跳躍,快到目的值時值會跳躍,如目的值100,後面的值可能依次為85,77,70,80,90,100 CycleIinterpolator 迴圈,動畫迴圈一定次數,值的改變為一正弦函數:Math.sin(2 * mCycles * Math.PI * input) LinearInterpolator 線性,線性均勻改變 OvershottInterpolator 回彈,最後超出目的值然後緩慢改變到目的值 TimeInterpolator 一個介面,允許你自訂interpolator,以上幾個都是實現了這個介面
TypeEvaluator:根據屬性的開始、結束值與TimeInterpolation計算出的因子計算出目前時間的屬性值,android提供了以下幾個evalutor:
IntEvaluator:屬性的實值型別為int。 FloatEvaluator:屬性的實值型別為float。 ArgbEvaluator:屬性的實值型別為十六進位顏色值。 TypeEvaluator:一個介面,可以通過實現該介面自訂Evaluator。
當然我們也可以自己定義估值器,如下:
public class FloatEvaluator implements TypeEvaluator { public Object evaluate(float fraction, Object startValue, Object endValue) { float startFloat = ((Number) startValue).floatValue(); return startFloat + fraction * (((Number) endValue).floatValue() - startFloat); }}
執行個體
接下來我們要實現的就是如下的 :
在本例的實現中我們的重點也是在ValueAnimator和ObjectAnimator中讀者可以結合上述知識內容來消化本例的動畫技術。附上代碼:<喎?http://www.bkjia.com/kf/ware/vc/" target="_blank" class="keylink">vcD4NCjxwcmUgY2xhc3M9"brush:java;">package com.example.custom.animation;import java.util.ArrayList;import com.example.custom.R;import android.animation.Animator;import android.animation.AnimatorListenerAdapter;import android.animation.AnimatorSet;import android.animation.ArgbEvaluator;import android.animation.ObjectAnimator;import android.animation.ValueAnimator;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.Context;import android.graphics.Canvas;import android.graphics.Paint;import android.graphics.RadialGradient;import android.graphics.Shader;import android.graphics.drawable.ShapeDrawable;import android.graphics.drawable.shapes.OvalShape;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.MotionEvent;import android.view.View;import android.view.animation.AccelerateInterpolator;import android.view.animation.DecelerateInterpolator;import android.widget.LinearLayout;public class BouncingBalls extends Activity { @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.bouncing_balls); LinearLayout container = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.container); container.addView(new MyAnimationView(this)); } public class MyAnimationView extends View { private static final int RED = 0xffFF8080; private static final int BLUE = 0xff8080FF; public final ArrayList balls = new ArrayList(); AnimatorSet animation = null; public MyAnimationView(Context context) { super(context); ValueAnimator colorAnim = ObjectAnimator.ofInt(this, "backgroundColor", RED, BLUE); colorAnim.setDuration(3000); colorAnim.setEvaluator(new ArgbEvaluator()); colorAnim.setRepeatCount(ValueAnimator.INFINITE); colorAnim.setRepeatMode(ValueAnimator.REVERSE); colorAnim.start(); } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { if (event.getAction() != MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN && event.getAction() != MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE) { return false; } // 初始化一個跳跳球 ShapeHolder newBall = initBouncingBall(event.getX(), event.getY()); float startY = newBall.getY(); float endY = getHeight() - 50; float h = (float)getHeight(); float eventY = event.getY(); int duration = (int)(500 * ((h - eventY)/h)); // 操作newBall的Y屬性值 ValueAnimator bounceAnim = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(newBall, "y", startY, endY); bounceAnim.setDuration(duration); bounceAnim.setInterpolator(new AccelerateInterpolator()); ValueAnimator squashAnim1 = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(newBall, "x", newBall.getX(),newBall.getX() - 25f); squashAnim1.setDuration(duration/4); squashAnim1.setRepeatCount(1); squashAnim1.setRepeatMode(ValueAnimator.REVERSE); squashAnim1.setInterpolator(new DecelerateInterpolator()); ValueAnimator squashAnim2 = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(newBall, "width", newBall.getWidth(),newBall.getWidth() + 50); squashAnim2.setDuration(duration/4); squashAnim2.setRepeatCount(1); squashAnim2.setRepeatMode(ValueAnimator.REVERSE); squashAnim2.setInterpolator(new DecelerateInterpolator()); ValueAnimator stretchAnim1 = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(newBall, "y", endY, endY + 25f); stretchAnim1.setDuration(duration/4); stretchAnim1.setRepeatCount(1); stretchAnim1.setInterpolator(new DecelerateInterpolator()); stretchAnim1.setRepeatMode(ValueAnimator.REVERSE); ValueAnimator stretchAnim2 = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(newBall, "height",newBall.getHeight(), newBall.getHeight() - 25); stretchAnim2.setDuration(duration/4); stretchAnim2.setRepeatCount(1); stretchAnim2.setInterpolator(new DecelerateInterpolator()); stretchAnim2.setRepeatMode(ValueAnimator.REVERSE); ValueAnimator bounceBackAnim = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(newBall, "y", endY, startY); bounceBackAnim.setDuration(duration); bounceBackAnim.setInterpolator(new DecelerateInterpolator()); AnimatorSet bouncer = new AnimatorSet(); bouncer.play(bounceAnim).before(squashAnim1); bouncer.play(squashAnim1).with(squashAnim2); bouncer.play(squashAnim1).with(stretchAnim1); bouncer.play(squashAnim1).with(stretchAnim2); bouncer.play(bounceBackAnim).after(stretchAnim2); ValueAnimator fadeAnim = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(newBall, "alpha", 1f, 0f); fadeAnim.setDuration(250); fadeAnim.addListener(new AnimatorListenerAdapter() { @Override public void onAnimationEnd(Animator animation) { balls.remove(((ObjectAnimator)animation).getTarget()); } }); AnimatorSet animatorSet = new AnimatorSet(); animatorSet.play(bouncer).before(fadeAnim); animatorSet.start(); return true; } private ShapeHolder initBouncingBall(float x, float y) { int red = (int)(Math.random() * 255); int green = (int)(Math.random() * 255); int blue = (int)(Math.random() * 255); int color = 0xff000000 | red << 16 | green << 8 | blue; int darkColor = 0xff000000 | red/4 << 16 | green/4 << 8 | blue/4; // 執行個體化一個圓形 OvalShape circle = new OvalShape(); circle.resize(50f, 50f); // 設定畫筆的形狀 ShapeDrawable drawable = new ShapeDrawable(circle); Paint paint = drawable.getPaint(); // 第一個,第二個參數表示漸層圓中心座標,半徑,圓心顏色,圓邊緣顏色,渲染器平鋪模式 RadialGradient gradient = new RadialGradient(37.5f, 12.5f, 50f, color, darkColor, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP); // 給畫筆設定著色器 paint.setShader(gradient); ShapeHolder shapeHolder = new ShapeHolder(drawable); shapeHolder.setX(x - 25f); shapeHolder.setY(y - 25f); shapeHolder.setPaint(paint); balls.add(shapeHolder); return shapeHolder; } @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { for (int i = 0; i < balls.size(); ++i) { ShapeHolder shapeHolder = balls.get(i); canvas.save(); canvas.translate(shapeHolder.getX(), shapeHolder.getY()); shapeHolder.getShape().draw(canvas); canvas.restore(); } } }}
package com.example.custom.animation;import android.graphics.Paint;import android.graphics.RadialGradient;import android.graphics.drawable.ShapeDrawable;import android.graphics.drawable.shapes.Shape;import android.view.View;public class ShapeHolder { private float x = 0, y = 0; private int color; private float alpha = 1f; private Paint paint; private ShapeDrawable shape; private RadialGradient gradient; public void setPaint(Paint value) { paint = value; } public Paint getPaint() { return paint; } public void setX(float value) { x = value; } public float getX() { return x; } public void setY(float value) { y = value; } public float getY() { return y; } public void setShape(ShapeDrawable value) { shape = value; } public ShapeDrawable getShape() { return shape; } public int getColor() { return color; } public void setColor(int value) { shape.getPaint().setColor(value); color = value; } public void setGradient(RadialGradient value) { gradient = value; } public RadialGradient getGradient() { return gradient; } public void setAlpha(float alpha) { this.alpha = alpha; shape.setAlpha((int)((alpha * 255f) + .5f)); } public float getWidth() { return shape.getShape().getWidth(); } public void setWidth(float width) { Shape s = shape.getShape(); s.resize(width, s.getHeight()); } public float getHeight() { return shape.getShape().getHeight(); } public void setHeight(float height) { Shape s = shape.getShape(); s.resize(s.getWidth(), height); } public ShapeHolder(ShapeDrawable s) { shape = s; }}